废旧NCM523正极材料火法冶金回收有价金属  

Recovery of valuable metals from waste NCM523 cathode material through pyrometallurgy

作　　者：王仰志 廖金发 赵宝军 WANG Yangzhi;LIAO Jinfa;ZHAO Baojun(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Performance Steel and Iron Alloy Materials,Ganzhou 341000,China;School of Metallurgical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;National Rare Earth Functional Materials Innovation Center,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]高性能钢铁合金材料江西省重点实验室,赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学冶金工程学院,赣州341000 [3]国家稀土功能材料创新中心,赣州341000

出　　处：《江西冶金》2025年第2期112-121,共10页Jiangxi Metallurgy

摘　　要：废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的回收再利用有助于节约自然矿产资源。火法冶金回收工艺因具有工艺简单、处理量大等优势而得到广泛应用。在冶炼过程中,锂(Li)常分散于渣和烟灰中,造成Li资源浪费。本研究将Fact Sage热力学分析与高温实验相结合,探索了NCM523正极材料中有价金属的回收工艺。在最佳实验条件下,采用10 g NCM523、6.9 g CaCl_(2)、2.5 g SiO_(2)和1.5 g C的配比,经过1450℃保温60 min的冶炼过程,镍(Ni)和钴(Co)的回收率接近100%,Li的回收率为94%。渣、合金和烟灰样品的电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析结果表明,Ni和Co完全转化为合金相;Li以氯化锂(LiCl)形式进入气相,并在烟灰中富集,还有少量Li以氧化锂(Li2O)和铝酸锂(LiAlO_(2))形式残留在渣中。本研究还考察了造渣剂用量、还原剂用量及冶炼温度对Li、Ni和Co回收率的影响,并优化了冶炼渣型,以降低冶炼温度并减少渣量。本研究引入了LiCl作为气相介质,促进了Li元素的富集与回收,有效解决了传统熔炼工艺中Li在烟灰和渣中分散而难以实现统一回收的问题。The recycling of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion batteries contributes significantly to the conservation of natural mineral resources.The pyrometallurgical recovery process has gained widespread application due to its simplicity and high capacity.However,during the smelting process,lithium(Li)tends to disperse in slag and soot,leading to a loss of lithium resources.This study combines FactSage thermodynamic analysis with high-temperature experiments to investigate the recovery process of valuable metals from NCM523 cathode materials.Under optimal experimental conditions,using a mixture of 10 g NCM523,6.9 g CaCl_(2),2.5 g SiO_(2),and 1.5 g C,the recovery rates of nickel(Ni)and cobalt(Co)approached 100%,while the recovery rate of Li reached 94%after a 60-min smelting process at 1450℃.Inductively coupled plasma(ICP)and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)analyses of slag,alloy,and soot samples revealed that Ni and Co were fully converted into the alloy phase.Lithium entered the gas phase as lithium chloride(LiCl)and was concentrated in the soot,with a minor portion remaining in the slag as lithium oxide(Li2O)and lithium aluminate(LiAlO_(2)).The study also examined the effects of slagging agent,reducing agent,and smelting temperature on the recovery of Li,Ni and Co,optimizing the slag composition to lower the smelting temperature and reduce slag volume.By introducing LiCl as a gas-phase medium,the study effectively addressed the issue of lithium dispersion in soot and slag,facilitating unified recovery.

关 键 词：废旧锂离子电池 火法冶金回收工艺 FactSage热力学计算 有价金属回收 

分 类 号：TF8[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]