高压高产气井单井场站噪声分析及治理——以MX气田为例  

Noise analysis and control for single-well stations of high-pressure and high-yield gas wells:A case study of MX gas field

作　　者：计维安 温冬云[2] 高晓根[2] 吴国霈 张栀 潘弘 JI Weian;WEN Dongyun;GAO Xiaogen;WU Guopei;ZHANG Zhi;PAN Hong(Research Institute of Natural Gas Gathering and Transmission Engineering Technology,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China;Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China;Northeast Sichuan Gas District,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Dazhou,Sichuan 635000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油西南油气田公司集输工程技术研究所,四川成都610040 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气研究院,四川成都610213 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司川东北气矿,四川达州635000

出　　处：《天然气勘探与开发》2025年第2期135-145,共11页Natural Gas Exploration and Development

基　　金：中国石油西南油气田公司科技计划项目(编号:20230305-04)。

摘　　要：为了降低高压(通常同时对应高产)天然气井井口节流形成的强烈噪声、减少对井场及周边环境的危害、维护人员身心健康、满足环保部门对噪声污染的管控标准要求,以MX气田为例,基于现场调研结果,采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模拟与现场试验相结合的方法,分析噪声产生原因及主要影响因素,探索研究噪声治理方式。研究结果表明:①单井站场噪声来源,主要为各级节流产生的喷射噪声、高速不稳定气流产生的噪声。②气体在节流点前后的压力比(以下简称压力比),是噪声的主要影响因素:当压力比小于临界压力比(1.89)时,噪声较小;当压力比超过临界压力比时,噪声较大,尤其当气流速度等于音速或大于音速(超音速)时将会产生强烈的激波噪声,加剧喷射噪声,噪声的频率较高。③有针对性的噪声综合治理方式包括:对强烈的喷射噪声,可采用调节压力比与加装隔声装置相结合的方式,节流时控制压力比使其小于临界压力比;对高速不稳定气流噪声,可采用局部节流稳流与加装隔声装置相结合的方式;为降低厂界噪声,通过设置实体围墙或安装隔声屏,可以取得明显的降噪效果。结论认为,该项研究成果为高压气井单井场站的噪声治理、天然气的绿色开采提供了理论支撑与实践指导。In order to reduce the intense noise generated by the throttling at the wellhead of high pressure(usually corresponding to high yield)gas well,diminish its hazards to well site and the surrounding environment,maintain the physical and mental health of personnel and meet the requirements of environmental protection authorities for noise pollution control standards,this paper analyzed the causes and influencing factors of noise,and explored the noise control methods,by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation with field test,based on the investigation on MX gas field.The following research results have been obtained.(i)The noise at a single-well station is mainly the jet noise generated by throttling at each stage and the noise generated by high-speed unstable gas flow.(ii)The gas pressure ratio before and after throttling point(hereinafter referred to as pressure ratio)is an important factor influencing noise:when the pressure ratio is less than the critical value(1.89),the noise is relatively low;whereas the pressure ratio is higher than the critical value,the noise is large,especially when the gas flow velocity reaches or exceeds the sound speed(supersonic),intense shock wave noise is generated to intensify the jet noise,resulting in high noise frequency.(iii)The targeted comprehensive noise control methods are proposed:for intense jet noise,the combination of pressure ratio regulation and sound arrester is adopted to keep the pressure ratio below the critical value during throttling;for high-speed unstable gas flow noise,the combination of local throttling stabilization and sound arrester is adopted;and for the plant boundary noise,the physical wall or sound insulation screen can be built to reduce the noise significantly.The research results provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the noise control of single-well stations of high pressure gas wells,and the green production of natural gas.

关 键 词：高压 天然气 节流 压力比 气流速度 噪声 喷射噪声 噪声治理 降噪 

分 类 号：TE37[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]