石河子地区肺结核流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shihezi area

作　　者：王璐 朱庆峰[1] 张佳珍 张砚[1] WANG Lu;ZHU Qingfeng;ZHANG Jiazhen;ZHANG Yan(the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University,Shihezi 832008,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学第一附属医院,新疆石河子832008

出　　处：《临床医学研究与实践》2025年第12期17-20,共4页Clinical Research and Practice

基　　金：石河子大学科研项目(No.ZZZC201956A)。

摘　　要：目的分析2017—2022年石河子地区新发肺结核患者的流行病学特征,以为该地区结核病防控提供数据参考。方法采用回顾性研究,通过石河子大学第一附属医院公共卫生科传染病网报系统、感染性疾病科门诊及住院信息系统收集2017年1月1日至2022年12月31日新发肺结核患者的基本信息,包括时间分布、居住地、性别、年龄、职业及痰菌情况。对上述资料进行统计学分析。结果2017—2022年石河子地区新发肺结核患者1669例;年发病率呈下降趋势,由2017年377例(61.93/10万)下降至2022年205例(26.93/10万)。总体发病时间主要聚集在冬春季节,2017—2019年发病时间分布与总体相符,2020—2022年发病时间分布与总体不同。肺结核患者主要来自团场,共700例(41.94%)。男性961例(57.58%),女性708例(占42.42%),男女发病比例为1.36∶1;发病年龄≥66岁患者有819例(49.07%);离退休人员的肺结核发病例数最多,共759例(45.48%)。菌阳患者1015例(60.81%)。结论通过加强呼吸道传染病防控措施的实施,2017—2022年石河子地区肺结核发病率总体呈下降趋势;男性、老年人群、离退休人员、菌阳患者应作为重点监控对象。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shihezi area from 2017 to 2022,so as to provide data reference for tuberculosis prevention and control in this area.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to collect the basic information of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients from January 1,2017 to December 31,2022 through the infectious disease network reporting system of the public health department,outpatient of infectious disease department and inpatient information system of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University,including time distribution,residence,gender,age,occupation and sputum bacteria.Statistical analysis was performed on the above data.Results From 2017 to 2022,there were 1669 newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shihezi area;the annual incidence rate showed a downward trend,from 377 cases(61.93/100000)in 2017 to 205 cases(26.93/100000)in 2022.The overall onset time was mainly concentrated in the winter and spring seasons,the distribution of onset time from 2017 to 2019 was consistent with the overall situation,and the distribution of onset time from 2020 to 2022 was different from the overall situation.The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were mainly from regiments,with a total of 700 cases(41.94%).There were 961 males(57.58%)and 708 females(42.42%),with a male to female ratio of 1.36∶1;there were 819 patients(49.07%)with age of onset≥66 years old;retirees had the largest number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases,with a total of 759 cases(45.48%).There were 1015 patients(60.81%)with positive bacteria.Conclusion By strengthening the implementation of prevention and control measures for respiratory infectious diseases,the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shihezi area showed an overall downward trend from 2017 to 2022;the male,elderly people,retirees and patients with positive bacteria should be the key monitoring objects.

关 键 词：结核分枝杆菌 肺结核 流行病学特征 防控措施 石河子地区 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]