消化道微生物及其与宿主互作影响奶牛饲料效率的研究进展  

Research Progress on Impacts of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Host-Microbe Interactions on Dairy Cow Feed Efficiency

作　　者：赵志飞 徐宏建 李建国[1,2,3,4] 高艳霞 ZHAO Zhifei;XU Hongjian;LI Jianguo;GAO Yanxia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of Healthy Dairy Cattle Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Jointly Established by the Ministry and Province),Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Province Cattle and Sheep Embryo Technology Innovation Center,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Dairy Industry Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]农业农村部奶牛健康养殖重点实验室(部省共建),保定071001 [3]河北省牛羊胚胎技术创新中心,保定071001 [4]河北省乳制品产业技术研究院,石家庄050000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第4期2189-2199,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家奶牛产业技术体系(CARS-36-20);生物农业联合基金重点项目(C2022204248);河北省现代农业产业技术体系奶牛创新团队(HBCT2023180207);河北省高端人才项目(6012018)。

摘　　要：饲料效率是奶牛生产的一项关键经济指标,它直接关系到养殖成本和经济效益。对于奶牛而言,宿主基因型通过调控消化酶活性和代谢途径,直接影响其饲料效率,消化道微生物也对宿主的营养吸收和肠道健康具有重要调节作用,这些微生物的组成和功能受到饲粮组分和结构、宿主遗传和环境等多种因素的影响。此外,越来越多的研究强调了宿主遗传对人类和动物肠道微生物群的重要作用,宿主源代谢分子对消化道微生物的调控机制为深入探究宿主-微生物相互作用提供了新的视角,探究两者之间互作关系对提高奶牛饲料效率有重要的意义。本文就奶牛遗传特性、消化道微生物结构和宿主-微生物相互作用如何影响饲料效率的研究进展进行综述,旨在增进对奶牛饲料效率影响因素的理解,并为奶牛饲料效率的遗传与调控机制提供新的研究思路。Feed efficiency is a critical economic indicator in the dairy industry,directly affecting the cost of breeding and economic benefits.In dairy cows,the host genotype regulates digestive enzyme activity and metabolic pathways,thereby directly affecting feed efficiency.The gastrointestinal microbiota significantly affects nutrient absorption and intestinal health in dairy cows,with its composition and function affected by factors like diet,host genetics,and environment.Moreover,studies increasingly highlight the role of host genetics in shaping the gastrointestinal microbiota of humans and animals,offering insights through host-derived molecules for host-microbe interactions.Examining the interplay between host genetics and the microbiota is crucial for enhancing dairy cow feed efficiency.This article reviewed the research progress on how dairy cow genetic characteristics,gastrointestinal microbiota structure,and host-microbe interactions influence feed efficiency,aiming to deepen our understanding of these factors and inspire new research into the genetics and regulatory mechanisms underlying dairy cow feed efficiency.

关 键 词：饲料效率 微生物 互作 宿主遗传 基因型 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]