饲料磷脂含量对杂交鳢仔稚鱼生长、消化和抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响  

Effects of Dietary Phospholipid Content on Growth,Digestion and Resistance to Ammonia Nitrogen Stress of Hybrid Snakehead(Channa argus×Channa maculate♀)Larvae

作　　者：胡波 郑雨顺 李瑜琬 覃瑶 熊攀 黄文 鲁慧杰 邹记兴 王国霞 HU Bo;ZHENG Yushun;LI Yuwan;QIN Yao;XIONG Pan;HUANG Wen;LU Huijie;ZOU Jixing;WANG Guoxia(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Animal Science,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Marine Sciences,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所,农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室,广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]华南农业大学海洋学院,广州510642

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第4期2599-2613,共15页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2023KJ115);广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所2020横022。

摘　　要：为探究饲料磷脂含量对杂交鳢仔稚鱼生长、消化和抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响,本试验采用磷脂含量不同(分别为1.35%、4.30%、7.45%、9.96%和13.33%)而总氮、总脂水平相同的4种试验饲料对杂交鳢仔稚鱼[初始体重为(119.94±0.14)mg]进行为期4周的养殖试验。每个网箱投放60尾试验鱼,每5个网箱投喂同一种试验饲料。结果显示:随着饲料磷脂含量的增加,杂交鳢仔稚鱼的特定生长率先增加后降低,在磷脂含量为9.96%时达到最高,且此时饲料系数最低,全鱼粗脂肪含量最高。杂交鳢仔稚鱼肠道绒毛高度和肌层厚度也在磷脂含量为9.96%时达到最高,显著高于磷脂含量为1.35%和4.30%时(P<0.05)。杂交鳢仔稚鱼的肝脏甘油三酯含量、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性均随饲料磷脂含量的增加先下降后上升,在磷脂含量为9.96%时达到最低;同时,在磷脂含量为9.96%时肝脏补体3含量最高,显著高于磷脂含量为1.35%时(P<0.05)。无论是氨氮胁迫前还是胁迫后,杂交鳢仔稚鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性均在磷脂含量为9.96%时有最高值,显著高于磷脂含量为1.35%时(P<0.05)。氨氮胁迫后,杂交鳢仔稚鱼的存活率在磷脂含量为9.96%时最高,显著高于磷脂含量为1.35%、4.30%、7.45%和13.33%时(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中适宜含量的磷脂可促进杂交鳢仔稚鱼的生长性能,改善肠道健康、肝脏脂肪和蛋白质代谢,增加鱼体粗脂肪含量,提高其免疫与抗氧化能力,进而增强抗氨氮应激能力。本试验条件下,以特定生长率、饲料系数、全鱼粗脂肪含量、部分肝脏生化和抗氧化指标以及氨氮胁迫后存活率为评价指标,综合分析得出杂交鳢仔稚鱼饲料中适宜磷脂含量为9.46%~10.80%。In order to explore the effects of dietary phospholipid content on the growth,digestion and resistance to ammonia nitrogen stress of hybrid snakehead(Channa argus×Channa maculate♀)larvae,in this study,four experimental diets with different phospholipid contents(1.35%,4.30%,7.45%,9.96%and 13.33%,respectively)and the same levels of total nitrogen and total lipid were used to culture larval hybrid snakehead[initial body weight(119.94±0.14)mg]for 4 weeks.Each cage was filled with 60 experimental fish,and each cage was fed with the same experimental diet.The results showed that with the increase of dietary phospholipid content,the specific growth rate of hybrid snakehead larvae increased first and then decreased,it reached the highest when the phospholipid content was 9.96%,and the feed conversion ratio was the lowest,and the ether extract content of whole fish was the highest.The intestinal villi height and muscular thickness were the highest at 9.96%phospholipid content,which were significantly higher than those at 1.35%and 4.30%phospholipid contents(P<0.05).The liver triglyceride content,glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activities of hybrid snakehead larvae decreased first and then increased with the increase of dietary phospholipid content,and reached the lowest at 9.96%phospholipid content;the content of complement 3 in liver was the highest when phospholipid content was 9.96%,which was significantly higher than that when phospholipid content was 1.35%(P<0.05).The activities of catalase and total superoxide dismutase in the liver of hybrid snakehead larvae were the highest when the phospholipid content was 9.96%both before and after ammonia nitrogen stress,which were significantly higher than those when phospholipid content was 1.35%(P<0.05).After ammonia nitrogen stress,the survival rate of hybrid snakehead larvae was the highest when the phospholipid content was 9.96%,which was significantly higher than that when the phospholipid contents were 1.35%,4.30%,7.45%and 13.33%(P<

关 键 词：杂交鳢仔稚鱼 磷脂 生化指标 肠道 氨氮胁迫 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]