生物炭与有机肥对土壤酶活性、养分及向日葵产量的影响  

Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer on Soil Enzyme Activities,Nutrients and Yield of Sunflower

作　　者：杨旸 赖黎明 王靖 高乐乐[1] YANG Yang;LAI Liming;WANG Jing;GAO Lele(Agriculture Department,Hetao College,Bayannur Inner Mongolia 015000,China;Research Center of Soil Resource Comprehensive Utilization and Ecological Environment in Western Inner Mongolia,Hetao College,Bayannur Inner Mongolia 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]河套学院农学系,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [2]河套学院内蒙古西部土壤资源综合利用与生态环境研究中心,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《耕作与栽培》2025年第3期38-44,共7页Tillage and Cultivation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZY22256);河套学院科学技术研究项目(HYZQ202118);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2023MS03045)。

摘　　要：为探究联合施加生物炭与有机肥对土壤生物化学特性及向日葵产量的影响,试验设置对照(ck,不施肥和生物炭)、常规施肥(CF)、常规施肥配施生物炭(CFC)、30%有机肥替代化肥配施生物炭(MFC)、50%有机肥替代化肥配施生物炭(OFC)等5个处理,对土壤酶活性、养分及向日葵产量进行测定。结果发现,CF、CFC处理显著提升了土壤脲酶活性,幼苗期较ck分别提高66.78%、22.15%,开花期较ck分别提高51.71%、50.03%,成熟期较ck分别提高35.05%、85.33%。土壤蔗糖酶活性以开花期、成熟期MFC处理较高,分别较ck提高1.63倍、1.10倍。CFC、MFC、OFC处理显著提升了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性,开花期分别较ck提高52.04%、49.93%、40.23%,成熟期分别较ck提高49.39%、104.39%、99.70%。各处理之间的土壤过氧化氢酶活性均无显著差异。MFC处理土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量以及向日葵产量最高,分别为66.76 mg/kg、11.13 mg/kg、172.75 mg/kg、3362.26 kg/hm^(2),OFC处理土壤有机质含量最高,为10.66 g/kg。各处理土壤pH值均无显著性差异。土壤养分、酶活性和产量之间存在显著相关性。因此,推荐MFC处理为河套灌区向日葵生产的适宜模式。To investigate the effects of combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer on soil biochemical properties and sunflower yield,five treatments were established,control(ck,no fertilizer and biochar application),conventional fertilization(CF),conventional fertilization plus biochar(CFC),30%organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer plus biochar(MFC)and 50% organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer plus biochar(OFC).Soil enzyme activities,nutrient content and sunflower yield were systematically determined across these treatments.Significant increases in soil urease activity were indicated by the results,with increases of 66.78% and 22.15% during the seedling stage,51.71%and 50.03% during the flowering stage and 35.05% and 85.33% during the maturity stage,respectively,when compared to the control(ck),for CF and CFC treatments.Higher soil invertase activity was observed during the flowering and maturity stages in the MFC treatment,with increases of 1.63 times and 1.10 times,respectively,compared to the ck.Soil alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced by treatments CFC,MFC and OFC,with increases of 52.04%,49.93% and 40.23% during the flowering stage and 49.39%,104.39% and 99.70% during the maturity stage,respectively,compared to the ck.No significant differences in soil catalase activity were found among the treatments.The highest soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium content and sunflower yield were achieved with the MFC treatment,with values of 66.76 mg/kg,11.13 mg/kg,172.75 mg/kg,and 3362.26 kg/hm^(2),respectively,while the OFC treatment resulted in the highest soil organic matter content at 10.66 g/kg.No significant differences in soil pH were observed among the treatments.Significant correlations were found to exist between soil nutrients,enzyme activities and yield.It was recommended that the MFC treatment be adopted as the appropriate model for sunflower production in the Hetao Irrigation Area.

关 键 词：生物炭 有机肥 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 向日葵产量 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S565.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]