“00后”青年的就业结构和职业选择——以上海市为例  

Employment Structure and Career Choices of“Post-00s”Youths—Case Study of Shanghai

作　　者：侯立文 Hou Liwen

机构地区：[1]上海市人力资源和社会保障科学研究所(上海市社会保险科学研究所)人力(才)资源研究室

出　　处：《中国人事科学》2025年第4期83-92,共10页Chinese Personnel Science

基　　金：2022年上海青年工作课题研究(立项编号:2022QYKTLX10-5)的成果。

摘　　要：当前我国正处在社会转型的关键时期,深入研究分析“00后”青年的就业结构和职业选择对于做好新时期青年就业工作具有重要的现实意义。本文通过问卷调研、数据分析、座谈访谈等方式全面分析了当前上海市“00后”青年群体特征、就业结构、就业质量、就业偏好及就业面临的新问题新趋势等。研究发现,当前,“00后”青年就业规模不断扩大,男性占比超过60%;初次就业年龄逐年提升,超过70%具有大专及以上学历;超过20%从事科学研究和技术服务业;工作专业对口比例和工作满意度略低于总体。同时,“00后”就业面临着不同于“80后”“90后”的新问题新趋势,即就业期望普遍偏高,就业两极分化趋势明显;学历内卷,结构性就业矛盾更为突出;女性学历显著高于男性,就业歧视风险加大;非上海户籍占比较高,增速将由快变慢。促进“00后”更高质量充分就业,应加强思想引领,强化能力提升,突出关心关爱,做好“引育留用”。At present,China is in a critical period of social transformation,and in-depth research and analysis of the employment structure and career choices of post-00s youths are of great practical signifi cance for doing a good job in youth employment in the new era.This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics,employment structure,employment quality,employment preferences,and new problems and trends faced by the“post-00s”youth group in Shanghai through questionnaire surveys,data analysis,and interviews.Research has found that currently,the employment scale of post-00s youths continues to expand,with males accounting for over 60%;the age of first employment has been increasing year by year,with over 70%having a college degree or above;more than 20%are engaged in scientifi c research and technical services;the proportion of job majors and job satisfaction are slightly lower than the overall level.At the same time,the employment of the post-00s generation is facing new problems and trends that are diff erent from those of the post-80s and post-90s generations,the employment expectations are generally high,and there is a clear trend of employment polarization;academic degree competition and structural employment contradiction will become more prominent;females have significantly higher education levels than males,increasing the risk of employment discrimination;the proportion of non-Shanghai registered residents is relatively high,and the growth rate will slow down from fast.To promote higher quality and full employment for the post-00s generation,we should strengthen ideological guidance,enhance capabilities,highlight care and concern,and do a good job in“attracting,nurturing,retaining,and using”.

关 键 词：“00后” 就业结构 职业选择 就业质量 收入水平 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学] F241.4[政治法律—中外政治制度]