仿生纳米系统在生物毒素解毒中的应用研究进展  

Research progress in biomimetic nanosystems for biotoxin detoxification

作　　者：淦新悦 宋居星私 邹帅军 王倩倩 张黎明[1,2] GAN Xinyue;SONG Juxingsi;ZOU Shuaijun;WANG Qianqian;ZHANG Liming(School of Medicine,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;Naval Special Medical Center,Naval Medical University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学医学院,上海200444 [2]海军军医大学特色医学中心,上海20043

出　　处：《中国药理学与毒理学杂志》2025年第4期310-320,共11页Chinese Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0312605)。

摘　　要：生物毒素是动植物或微生物产生的对其他物种有毒害作用的天然化学物质。生物毒素种类繁多、结构复杂,部分生物毒素毒性剧烈,对人类健康和公共安全构成巨大威胁。近年来,研究人员采用毒素靶细胞膜包覆纳米材料,构建了系列生物相容性高、免疫原性低、循环时间长和靶向作用强的仿生纳米系统,利用生物毒素与其靶细胞膜的相互作用对毒素进行诱捕,相关研究取得显著进展。本文对生物毒素的毒性机制、仿生纳米系统应用于生物毒素解毒的发展历程、常见制备方式及表征手段、仿生纳米系统的组成及解毒效应进行综述,为仿生纳米系统的进一步设计开发与应用提供参考。Biotoxins are natural chemical substances produced by animals,plants or microorganisms that exhibit toxicity toward other species.These biotoxins exhibit a wide range of structural complexi⁃ties.Some of them are highly toxic,posing significant threats to human health and public safety.In recent years,researchers have employed the cell membranes of biotoxin target cells to coat nanomate⁃rials,thereby constructing biomimetic nanosystems with high biocompatibility,low immunogenicity,prolonged circulation time,and strong targeting capabilities.By leveraging the interactions between biotoxins and their target cell membranes,these systems effectively trap toxins,leading to notable advancements in this field.This article reviews the toxic mechanisms of biotoxins,the historical devel⁃opment of using biomimetic nanosystems for toxin detoxification,common preparation methods and characterization techniques,as well as the composition and detoxification efficacy of these nanosys⁃tems,thus providing references for their future design,development,and application.

关 键 词：仿生纳米系统 生物毒素 解毒 

分 类 号：R96[医药卫生—药理学]