甘肃兴隆山耕地向华北落叶松林演变过程中土壤物理性质的变化特征  

Change characteristics of soil physical properties during the evolution of farmland to Larix principis-rupprechtii forest in Xinglong mountain of Gansu Province

作　　者：魏强 吴国宏 闫沛斌 WEI Qiang;WU Guohong;YAN Peibin(Gansu Academy of Forestry,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China;Gansu Xinglongshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Research Station,Lanzhou 730105,Gansu,China;Gansu Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve Management and Protection Center,Lanzhou 730117,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省林业科学研究院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃兴隆山森林生态系统定位观测研究站,甘肃兰州730105 [3]甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区管护中心,甘肃兰州730117

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第4期1-13,共13页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目(LCCX202301)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究兴隆山退耕还林区华北落叶松人工林生长发育过程中土壤物理性质,阐明耕地向林地转变过程中物理性质的变化规律,为该区域退耕还林地人工林经营提供科学依据。【方法】以兴隆山退耕还林区农田、草地、退耕还林华北落叶松林(10、18、27年生)5种典型植被为研究对象,测定0~100 cm土壤容重、孔隙度(总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度)和持水量(田间持水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量和自然水分含量),探讨土地在耕地→草地→林地演变过程中土壤物理性质的变化规律及其相互影响。【结果】1)在土壤垂直剖面上,5种植被0~100 cm土壤物理特征指标变化规律不相同;10、18、27年生华北落叶松林容重随土层深度增加而变大,农田先增加后减小;10、18、27年生落叶松林总孔隙度和最大持水量随土层深度增加而减小,农田先减小后增加;18、27年生落叶松林毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量和田间持水量随土层深度增加而减小,农田先减小后增加;2)随林龄增加,容重和自然水分含量呈变小趋势,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、最大持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量呈增加趋势;3)容重与其他物理特征指标均具有相关性,在改善土壤物理性质方面起着关键作用。【结论】林龄和林分密度是影响植被对土壤改良效果的主要因子;植被对土壤改良是一个漫长的过程,短期内很难达到理想效果;在退耕还林地林分生长过程中,应不断调整林分密度,保证林分生长处于最佳状态,加速植被对土壤物理性质的改良进程。【Objective】Characteristics of soil physical properties were studied during the growth and development of Larix principisrupprechtii plantation forest about returning farmland to forest land in Xinglong mountain,and elucidate the change laws of soil physical properties during the conversion from farmland to forest land,and provided scientific basis for sustainable management of artificial forest for the area of returning farmland to forest.【Method】This study selected five typical vegetation types of the area of returning farmland to forest in Xinglong mountain,including farmland,abandoned farmland,and 10-year-old/18-year-old/27-year-old L.principisrupprechtii forest,as research objects.Soil bulk density,porosity(total porosity,capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity),and water capacity(maximum water capacity,capillary water capacity,field water capacity and nature moisture content)were determined in 0-100 cm soil layer.The change laws of soil physical properties and their interaction were discussed in the process of land evolution from farmland to grassland to forest land.【Result】1)In the vertical soil profile,the change laws of soil physical properties of five vegetation types had difference in the 0-100 cm soil layer.Soil bulk density of 10-year-old/18-year-old/27-year-old L.principis-rupprechtii forest increased with the increasing of soil depth,while the farmland first increased and then decreased.The soil total porosity and maximum water capacity of 10-year-old/18-year-old/27-year-old L.principis-rupprechtii forest decreased with the increasing of soil depth,wheras and the farmland decreased first and then increased.The capillary porosity,capillary water capacity and field water capacity of 18-year-old/27-year-old L.principis-rupprechtii forest decreased with the increasing of soil depth,while the farmland decreased first and then increased;2)With the increase of the age about L.principis-rupprechtii artificial forest,the bulk density and natural water content decreased smaller,while the tot

关 键 词：土壤物理性质 变化特征 土壤演变 华北落叶松林 兴隆山 

分 类 号：S791.229[农业科学—林木遗传育种]