盐胁迫对三角梅光合特性与营养元素的影响  

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient elements of Bougainvillea

作　　者：张迪 薛源 圣倩倩 曹福亮 祝遵凌[1,2,3,4,5] ZHANG Di;XUE Yuan;SHENG Qianqian;CAO Fuliang;ZHU Zunling(College of Landscape Architecture,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Co-innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Jinpu Research Institute,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Digital Innovation Design Research Center,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;College of Art&Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Jinggu Environment Construction Co.,Ltd,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学风景园林学院,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]南京林业大学金埔研究院,江苏南京210037 [4]南京林业大学数字化创新设计研究中心,江苏南京210037 [5]南京林业大学艺术设计学院,江苏南京210037 [6]景古环境建设股份有限公司,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第4期38-51,107,共15页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金项目(32101582);中国科学技术协会青年人才托举工程(YESS20220054);江苏省自然科学青年基金项目(BK20210613);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(21KJB220008);教育部人文社会科学研究项目(21YJCZH131);江苏省社会科学基金项目(21GLC002)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤盐渍化严重影响生态环境和农业生产,威胁植物生长。探究不同盐胁迫对不同三角梅品种的光合特性和营养元素的影响,揭示不同三角梅品种对NaCl胁迫耐受差异和适应机制。【方法】选取水红、绿叶黄花、小叶紫、大叶紫以及塔紫5种三角梅品种为试验材料,采用盆栽控盐法进行试验,设置0.0%(CK组)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%4个处理浓度,对其1年生植株的光合特性和营养元素进行系统测定,并对其耐盐能力进行综合评价。【结果】随着NaCl浓度增加,水红和绿叶黄花的叶绿素总量先增后降,小叶紫和大叶紫逐渐下降,叶绿素a/b值变化复杂,总体上塔紫和绿叶黄花的比值大于其他品种;所有品种的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))均下降,胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)上升,表明光合作用下降主要由非气孔因素导致;随着Na Cl胁迫持续,所有品种对N^(a+)的吸收增加,K^(+)在叶片中保持较高水平,Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)变化不大,K^(+)/Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)/Na^(+)和Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)比值随盐浓度增加而下降;各品种对K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)的运输能力差异不显著,但水红和绿叶黄花离子选择性运输能力较强,塔紫表现不明显。【结论】主成分分析综合评价结果表明,耐盐性为大叶紫>小叶紫>塔紫>水红>绿叶黄花,建议大叶紫、小叶紫和塔紫3个品种在盐碱地推广应用。【Objective】Soil salinization severely impacts the ecological environment and agricultural production,threatening plant growth.To investigate the effects of different NaCl treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient elements of various Bougainvillea cultivars,and to reveal their tolerance differences and adaptation mechanisms to NaCl stress.【Method】This study selected five Bougainvillea cultivars:‘Shuihong’,‘Lvyeyanghua’,‘Xiaoyezhi’,‘Dayezhi’,and‘Tazi’as experimental materials.Using a pot-controlled salinity method,four treatment concentrations of 0.0%(CK),0.2%,0.4%,and 0.6%were set.After stable growth,salt stress was applied to the plants,and the photosynthetic characteristics and nutrient elements of one-year-old plants were systematically measured,with a comprehensive evaluation of their salt tolerance.【Result】Results showed that with increasing NaCl concentration,the total chlorophyll content of‘Shuihong’and‘Lvyeyanghua’initially increased and then decreased,while‘Xiaoyezhi’and‘Dayezhi’gradually decreased.The chlorophyll a/b ratio varied,with‘Tazi’and‘Lvyeyanghua’having higher ratios than other cultivars.All cultivars exhibited decreased net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),and transpiration rate(Tr),while intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci)increased,indicating that the decline in photosynthesis was mainly due to non-stomatal factors.With continued NaCl stress,all cultivars showed increased Na^(+)absorption,but the distribution of Na^(+)varied.K^(+)remained high in the leaves,while Ca^(2+)and Mg^(2+)showed little change.The K^(+)/Na^(+),Ca^(2+)/Na^(+),and Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)ratios decreased with increasing salt concentration.The transport abilities of K^(+),Ca^(2+),and Mg^(2+)varied insignificantly among cultivars,but‘Shuihong’and‘Lvyeyanghua’showed strong ion selective transport ability,while‘Tazi’was less pronounced.【Conclusion】Principal component analysis indicated the salt tolerance ranking as follows:‘

关 键 词：三角梅 植物营养元素 光合特性 盐胁迫 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学] Q945.79[生物学—植物学]