鹅掌楸天然林林下植被的影响因素  

Influencing factors of understory vegetation under the natural Liriodendron chinense forest

作　　者：薛卫星 艾训儒 朱江 郭秋菊 魏普杰 张强 XUE Weixing;AI Xunru;ZHU Jiang;GUO Qiuju;WEI Pujie;ZHANG Qiang(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,Hubei,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学林学园艺学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第4期119-127,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2023YFE0112800)。

摘　　要：【目的】以鄂西南地区鹅掌楸天然林为研究对象,分析林下灌木层、草本层的影响因子,揭示林下植被多样性的驱动机制,为提高鹅掌楸天然林物种多样性与群落稳定性提供理论依据,促进野生鹅掌楸群落的保护。【方法】通过森林群落随机样地调查,建设40个20 m×20 m规格的调查样地,计算林下植被物种重要值、多样性与林分结构,并在相关性分析的基础上构建影响林下植被物种多样性因素(地形因子、林分非空间结构、林分空间结构)的结构方程模型,探究不同因素对林下植被影响的程度与综合效应。【结果】林分整体处于较强的混交状态,冠层较密集、林内种间竞争较激烈;林下植被物种丰富,蔷薇科及菊科植物在林下植被中占优势地位;林下灌木层平均Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Peilou指数与丰富度分别为2.000、0.832、0.905和9.425,林下草本层各物种多样性指数平均值分别为1.334、0.696、0.760和9.075;海拔、平均胸径、平均树高、林分密度和密集度是影响林下植被物种多样性的主要因素;对草本层、灌木层物种多样性影响最大的潜变量为地形因子>林分空间结构>林分非空间结构;综合来看,地形是影响鹅掌楸天然林林下植被物种多样性的关键因子(P<0.001),林分空间结构是影响林下植被物种多样性的重要因子(P<0.01),且地形通过影响林分空间结构进而对林下植被产生较大的间接效应。【结论】在森林经营过程中,选择适宜的地形对稳定森林结构、提高森林生态系统服务至关重要;同时,优化林分结构能增加资源利用效率,减少种间竞争,提高物种多样性与群落稳定性。【Objective】Using the natural forests of Liriodendron chinense in the southwestern Hubei region as the study object,we analyzed the influencing factors of the shrub and herb layers under the forest,revealing the driving mechanisms of understorey vegetation diversity.This provided a theoretical basis for improving the species diversity and community stability of Liriodendron chinense natural forests and promoted the conservation of wild Liriodendron chinense communities.【Method】Through random plot surveys of forest communities,we established 40 survey plots of 20 m×20 m.The importance values,diversity,and stand structure of understorey vegetation were calculated.Based on correlation analysis,structural equation models of various factors(topographic factors,nonspatial stand structure,spatial stand structure)affecting understorey vegetation species diversity were constructed to explore the extent and comprehensive effects of different factors on understorey vegetation.【Result】The forest stands are generally in a strong mixed state,with a dense canopy and intense interspecific competition within the forest.The understorey vegetation is rich in species,with Rosaceae and Asteraceae plants occupying a dominant position,the mean Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Peilou indices and richness of the understory shrub layer were 2.000,0.832,0.905,and 9.425,respectively,the mean values of the diversity indices of each species in the understory herb layer were 1.334,0.696,0.760,and 9.075.Elevation,average diameter at breast height,average tree height,stand density,and compactness are the main factors influencing the species diversity of the understory vegetation.The latent variables with the greatest effect on species diversity in the herbaceous layer and the shrub layer were,in order,topographic factor>stand spatial structure>stand non-spatial structure.On the whole,topography is a key factor affecting the species diversity of understorey vegetation of Liriodendron chinense natural forests(P<0.001),and the spatial structu

关 键 词：鹅掌楸 林下植被 地形 林分结构 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]