脱细胞基质/静电纺纳米纤维复合支架在组织工程中的应用  

Application of decellularized extracellular matrix/electrospun nanofiber composite scaffold in tissue engineering

作　　者：杨雅雯 张国华 吴韶华 李涛[1] YANG Yawen;ZHANG Guohua;WU Shaohua;LI Tao(College of Textiles and Clothing,Qingdao University,Qingdao,266071,China;Qingdao Product Quality Testing Research Institute,Qingdao,266000,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学纺织服装学院,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛市产品质量检验研究院,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《棉纺织技术》2025年第5期29-39,共11页Cotton Textile Technology

基　　金：生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室课题(TSKT202102)。

摘　　要：为了探索脱细胞基质/静电纺纳米纤维复合支架在组织工程中的应用潜力,概述了脱细胞基质与静电纺丝的原理及两者结合的优势。总结了脱细胞基质/静电纺纳米纤维复合支架的主要构建方法,包括先纺后脱法、先脱后纺法、直接复合法和涂层复合法。综述了支架在皮肤、肌肉、角膜、血管、神经、软骨、心脏、肾脏组织工程中的相关应用进展。指出:脱细胞基质/静电纺复合支架在增强细胞黏附、增殖和分化及提升力学性能方面优势明显,但仍受限于脱细胞基质的批次差异、静电纺丝技术瓶颈及临床应用的转化等难题。认为:未来需进一步优化脱细胞与静电纺丝技术,探索新型制备策略,扩展其在复杂组织修复中的应用潜力,并加强跨学科合作与临床转化研究,以期推动组织工程和再生医学的发展。In order to explore the potential application of decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)/electrospun nanofiber composite scaffold in the field of tissue engineering,the fundamental principles of dECM and electrospinning together with the advantages of their combination were reviewed.The main fabrication methods of dECM/electrospun nanoyarn composite scaffolds were summarized including the spinning-then-decellularizing method,the decellularizing-then-spinning method,the direct combination method,and the coating-based hybrid method.The progresses in the application of these scaffolds in tissue engineering including skin,muscle,cornea,blood vessel,nerve,cartilage and kidney were reviewed.It was pointed out that the dECM/electrospun nanofiber composite scaffolds exhibited significant advantages in enhancing cell adhesion,proliferation and differentiation,as well as improving mechanical property.However,it was still restricted with the difficulties including batch-to-batch variability of dECM,limitations of electrospinning technology,translation of clinical application and so on.It is considered that future efforts should be focused on further optimizing decellularization and electrospinning technology,exploring innovative fabrication strategy,expanding their application potential in the complex tissue repair,and strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration and clinical translation research to promote the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

关 键 词：复合支架 脱细胞基质 静电纺丝 纳米纤维 组织工程 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]