多孔纳米纤维基自供电传感器的构建及性能研究  

Construction and performance study of hierarchical porous nanofiberbased self-powered sensor

作　　者：范禹涛 赵帆[1,2] 王富军 FAN Yutao;ZHAO Fan;WANG Fujun(Donghua University,Shanghai,201620,China;Key Laboratory of Textile Fabric Technology of the Ministry of Education,Shanghai,201620,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学,上海201620 [2]纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室,上海201620

出　　处：《棉纺织技术》2025年第5期97-105,共9页Cotton Textile Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52303310);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2232024G-01)。

摘　　要：针对当前摩擦纳米发电机(TENG)电输出性能不足,增加聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)基TENG表面粗糙度提升摩擦电输出性能的方法单一等问题,采用多种粗糙化技术相结合的方式,利用静电纺丝及模板牺牲法制备PVDF多孔纳米纤维,通过调节模板牺牲组分聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的浓度以实现对多孔结构有效控制,从而显著增加了纤维表面的粗糙度。将优化后的多孔PVDF纳米纤维膜封装制成单电极TENG,进行自供电性能测试,并将多孔PVDF纳米纤维⁃TENG(PPNG)应用于人体运动监测。结果表明:当PVP质量分数为28%时,PPNG展现出优异的电输出性能,输出电压达到45 V、短路电流达到0.58μA、电荷密度达到17μC/m^(2)、功率密度达到0.39 W/m^(2),与单纯PVDF静电纺丝膜制备的TENG相比,电输出能力提升了114.3%。PPNG可以有效检测行走、手臂折叠、手臂接触等生理运动,在运动监测领域和生物机械能收集方面具有良好的应用潜力。In response to the current lack of electrical output performance in triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)and the limitations of methods to increase the surface roughness of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)-based TENGs,a combination of multiple roughening technique was adopted.Electrospinning and template sacrificial method were used to prepare PVDF porous nanofiber,and concentration of the template sacrificial component,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),was adjusted to achieve effective control of the porous structure,the surface roughness of the fibers was significantly increased.The optimized porous PVDF nanofiber membrane was encapsulated to fabricate a single-electrode TENG,and its self-powered performance was tested.The porous PVDF nanofiber-TENG(PPNG)was applied to human motion monitoring.The results showed when the mass fraction of PVP was 28%,the PPNG exhibited excellent electrical output performance,an output voltage was 45 V,short-circuit current was 0.58μA,charge density was 17μC/m^(2)and power density was 0.39 W/m^(2),compared with TENG prepared from a simple PVDF electrospinning membrane,electrical output to the PPNG was increased 114.3%.PPNG could effectively detect physiological movements such as walking,arm folding and arm contact,and it had better application potential in the fields of motion monitoring and biomechanical energy harvesting.

关 键 词：摩擦纳米发电机 聚偏氟乙烯 粗糙度 介电性能 生物医用纺织品 

分 类 号：TS101.8[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]