从“动物机器”到“动物主体性”:谭恩美作品中的动物书写  

From “Animal Machine” to “Animal Subjectivity”:Animal Writing in Amy Tan’s Works

作　　者：刘齐平 Liu Qiping

机构地区：[1]北京第二外国语学院英语学院

出　　处：《华文文学》2025年第2期45-54,共10页Literatures in Chinese

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金青年项目“‘物转向’视阈下当代族裔女性文学中的共同体表征研究”(24WXC005)。

摘　　要：在谭恩美的作品中,一方面,动物被描绘为任由人类宰杀与摆布的机器,或被刻画成没有情感、语言,甚至感知痛苦能力的他者;另一方面,其作品中的动物书写与唐娜·哈拉维的“伴侣物种”概念相呼应,体现了人与动物之间的互构共生关系。动物不仅是作品中人物情感寄托与心灵慰藉的对象,维系人与人之间情感的纽带,更被赋予“主体性”,与人物逐渐生成命运与共的生命共同体。本文将从动物批评理论视角切入,结合后殖民生态批评、后人类叙事和物质生态批评,探究谭恩美作品中动物书写所呈现的种族主义、性别歧视和人类中心主义之间的内在关联与共谋关系。从“动物机器”到“伴侣物种”,再到“动物主体性”,谭恩美作品中动物书写的嬗变不仅是华裔美国人渴望融入美国主流社会的隐喻,也反映了谭恩美对动物伦理问题的深刻关切,突破了其作品的族裔标签,展现了她对人与自然、生态环境等共同性问题的反思与关注。In Amy Tan’s works, on the one hand, animals are often depicted as insensible machines, subject to human slaughter and manipulation. They are portrayed as others devoid of emotions, language, and even the ability to perceive pain. On the other, Tan’s animal writing resonates with Donna Haraway’s concept of “companion species”, reflecting the symbiotic and co-evolving relationship between humans and animals. Animals not only provide emotional sustenance and spiritual comfort for characters but also maintain emotional bonds between them. Moreover, they are endowed with “subjectivity” and gradually become a community of shared destiny with the characters. This article will examine the connections and collusion between racism, sexism, and anthropocentrism in Amy Tan’s animal writing from the perspective of animal criticism, combined with postcolonial criticism, post-human narrative, and material ecocriticism. In addition, from “animal machines” to “animal subjectivity”, the animal writing in Amy Tan’s works can also be seen as a metaphor, reflecting the desire of Chinese Americans to integrate into mainstream society. Moreover, this transition also reflects Tan’s concern for animal ethics, transcending the ethnic label of her works and revealing her attention to universal issues such as the relationship between humans and nature, and the ecological environment.

关 键 词：谭恩美 动物机器 伴侣物种 动物主体性 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]