汉代保举博士制度的若干问题——以《汉官仪》等文献所载博士举状文书考辨为中心  

The“Boshi”Recommendation System in Han Dynasty:Textual Research of Han Guanyi and other Documents Recording the Recommendation Certificates of“Boshi”

作　　者：张欣[1] ZHANG Xin(Institute of Ancient History,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院古代史研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第3期49-60,共12页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉魏辟除制度研究”(18BZS039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《汉官仪》《通典》《文献通考》等文献所载的博士举状文书是研究汉代保举博士制度的关键史料。“举状”“行状”又称版状。该文书针对的是博士,而非博士祭酒。通过对文书内容的分析可知,汉代官府保举博士既注重保举对象的学术能力,又关注其品行,对其人际交往范围也作了较严格的规定。博士举状应出现于东汉光武帝之后。该举状不像一般性的制度规定,更像特定的、针对某生的具体举状,而且应是多个机构所作举状的综合。综合后的举状可作为三公、尚书台等机构鉴定、选拔人才的重要依据。博士举状文书属于官文书而非普通的制度文献类记载,具有完整性和独特性等特点。The“Boshi”recommendation certificates in Han Guanyi and Tongdian are key historical materials for studying the“Boshi”recommendation system in Han dynasty.“Juzhuang”and“Xingzhuang”were also known as“Banzhuang”.The subject of the documents was“Boshi”,not the chief of“Boshi”.When recommending a“Boshi”,attention was paid not only to the academic ability of the recommended person,but also to his character,and relatively strict regulations were made for his interpersonal relationships.The recommendation of“Boshi”candidates should appear after Emperor Guangwu of Eastern Han Dynasty.This recommendation was not like a general institutional regulation,but more like a specific version for a certain student,and it should be a combination of recommendations made by multiple institutions.The comprehensive recommendation documents can be used as an important basis for the identification and selection of talents by the“Sangong”,the“Shangshutai”and other institutions.The“Boshi”recommendation documents were official documents rather than ordinary institutional documents,which has characteristics such as integrity and uniqueness.

关 键 词：汉代 保举制度 博士举状 版状 文书学 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]