民族融合视域下十六国时期各民族政权建构与黄河城市文明“破坏-重构-再生”的韧性演进  

The Construction of Ethnic Regimes and the Development Patterns of“Destruction-Reconstruction-Regeneration”of the Yellow River Urban Civilization during the Sixteen States Period

作　　者：何一民[1] 刘清愔 HE Yi-min;LIU Qing-yin(Institute of Urban Study,Sichuan University;School of History and Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu,Sichuan,610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学城市研究所 [2]四川大学历史文化学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第3期61-73,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“黄河城市文明史”(22Z&D222)。

摘　　要：十六国时期(304—439),黄河城市文明在各民族政权更迭中呈现出“破坏—重构—再生”的多重面相。各民族政权的频繁更迭虽导致洛阳、邺城等核心城市遭受军事摧毁与秩序破坏,但其统治者对中原正统性、合法性的主动追求,推动了“胡族”文化元素与中原城市传统的深度融合。从初期“创伤性破坏”到前期“正统性重建”,再到后期“整合性转型”,黄河城市文明在政权博弈中展现出强大韧性:一方面通过都城选址的政治象征意义建构统治合法性,另一方面以建筑形制、经济功能、文化空间的胡汉杂糅,为北朝乃至隋唐城市文明的多元一体格局奠定基础。这一过程本质上是中华民族共同体在城市载体上的动态生成,印证了中华文明“冲突中融合、断裂中再生”的独特逻辑。永嘉之乱后中原城市体系崩解的多维动因,揭示了自然灾害、军事冲突与制度断裂对城市的系统性冲击;前秦、后赵等政权都城选址的华夏化策略,论证了其实践背后蕴含的正统性建构逻辑;十六国后期都城营建中的文化调适机制,在都城建设中形成了“胡汉元素层累叠加”的特殊形制,这种“破坏—重建—创新”的发展模式不仅维系了黄河城市文明的连续性,而且催化出新型城市文明形态,为后世都城规划范式奠定了重要基础。During the Sixteen States Period(304-439),the Yellow River urban civilization exhibited multiple aspects of“destruction-reconstruction-regeneration”in the successive changes of ethnic regimes.The frequent alterations of ethnic regimes led to military devastation and disruption of order in core cities such as Luoyang and Ye City.However,the active pursuit of the orthodoxy and legitimacy of central China by their rulers promoted the deep integration of“Hu”(nomadic)cultural elements and the urban traditions of central China.From the initial“traumatic destruction”to the“reconstruction of orthodoxy”in the early stage and then to the“integrative transformation”in the later stage,the Yellow River urban civilization demonstrated strong resilience in the competition of powers.On the one hand,it constructed the legitimacy of governance through the political symbolic significance of the capital's location.On the other hand,the intermingling of“Hu”and“Han”elements in architectural forms,economic functions,and cultural spaces,laid the foundation for the“multi-ethnic integration”pattern of the urban civilization in the Northern Dynasties and even the Sui and Tang Dynasties.This process was essentially the dynamic formation of the Chinese national community on the urban aspect,confirming the unique logic of“integration amid conflicts and regeneration amid disruptions”of Chinese civilization.The multi-dimensional causes of the disintegration of the urban system in central China after the Yongjia Riot revealed the systematic impact of natural disasters,military conflicts,and institutional disruptions on cities.The assimilation to Huaxia strategy of the site selection for the capitals by regimes such as the Former Qin and the Later Zhao demonstrated the orthodoxy construction logic behind their practices.The cultural adaptation mechanism in constructing capitals in the later stage of the Sixteen States formed a special form of“layered accumulation of Hu and Han elements”.This“destruction-r

关 键 词：十六国时期 民族政权互动 黄河城市文明 都城建制 文化调适 文明韧性 

分 类 号：K239.2[历史地理—历史学]