近代中国通商口岸形态改易研究  

On the Historical Evolution of Modern China's Commercial Ports

作　　者：郭卫东 GUO Wei-dong(School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui,232001,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学人文社会科学学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第3期84-92,共9页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特殊教育通史”(21&ZD221)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代中国的通商口岸经历了四次重大的形态转变,历次变迁性质有别。清朝自我开关虽属独立操作,但统治者眛于外部世界,中外施政有逆向走势;约开则纯是外人的侵占,中方丧权辱国;自开则多了一些对通商口岸的新认知和主权意识的新觉醒;1930年代后,中国不再专辟条约口岸。从清朝的自我开关到晚清的约开商埠,再到清末的自开口岸,延至民国年间条约口岸的部分撤废,仿佛轮回,情况却大不一样。通商口岸的历时性演变,不仅反映出中外关系的巨大变动,而且全方位地影响着中国社会。There were four important changes in the formation of commercial ports in modern China,and the nature of each change was different.In Qing Dynasty,although the self-opening was an independent action,the rulers were ignorant of the outside world.The opening by treaties were purely the occupation by foreigners,and China was humiliated by the loss of power.The self-opening afterwards was more of a new cognition of the commercial ports and a new awakening of sovereignty consciousness.After the 1930s,China no longer opened up new treaty ports.From the self-opening in Qing Dynasty to the opening of treaty ports in late Qing Dynasty,till the self-opening of ports in the end of late Qing Dynasty and the partial abolition of treaty ports in the Republic of China,it seemed to be a cycle,but the situation was actually very different.The evolution of commercial ports over time not only reflected the great changes in Sino-foreign relations,but also affected Chinese society in many aspects.

关 键 词：通商口岸 条约口岸:自开口岸 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]