大历史观视野下的乌瓦罗夫思想探析  

An Analysis of Uvarov's Thought from a Macro-historical Perspective

作　　者：许金秋[1] 顾佳琪 XU Jin-qiu;GU Jia-qi(Northeast Asian Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China;Northeast Asian Studies College,Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学东北亚学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第3期113-123,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

摘　　要：谢尔盖·谢苗诺维奇·乌瓦罗夫是19世纪俄国杰出的国务活动家、历史学家和思想家。18世纪末至19世纪初俄国的社会变革,为乌瓦罗夫思想的形成提供了时代背景,同时也塑造了其思想体系的独特性:既非传统保守主义的复刻,亦非自由主义理念的移植,而是在俄国传统专制体制与欧洲新兴思想之间寻求一条中间道路。乌瓦罗夫的思想主张涵盖了诸多方面,主要包括基于地缘政治思想的东方学阐释、以历史宿命论与历史进程论为核心的对俄国历史发展的诠释、旨在加强历史教学与凝聚民族精神的教育理念,以及为应对俄国专制制度危机而提出的“官方民族性”理论。从大历史观来看,乌瓦罗夫的思想体系对俄国教育制度革新与国家意识形态建构具有重要意义。Sergei Semenovich Uvarov was a prominent Russian statesman,historian and thinker in the 19th century.The social transformations and intellectual clashes from the late 18th to the early 19th century shaped the historical context for Uvarov's ideological formation,endowing his system of thought with a distinctiveness that was neither a replication of traditional conservatism nor a transplantation of liberal ideas.Instead,it sought a middle path between Russia's traditional autocratic system and emerging European ideologies.Uvarov's intellectual propositions encompassed orientalist interpretations grounded in geopolitical and ideological considerations,the logical framework of“historical determinism”and“the theory of historical progress”.His educational philosophies aimed at strengthening historical education and consolidating national spirit,and the theory of“official nationality”is a remedial measure proposed to salvage the crisis of the autocratic regime.From a macro-historical perspective,Uvarov's ideological system holds significant implications for the reform of the Russian educational system and the construction of national ideology.

关 键 词：乌瓦罗夫 保守主义 “官方民族性” 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学]