从教会贵族的议会请愿书看14世纪英格兰政教关系  

Examining Church-Crown Relations in Fourteenth-Century England through Ecclesiastical Nobles’Parliamentary Petitions

作　　者：黄嘉欣 HUANG Jia-xin(Department of World History,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院世界史系,上海200234

出　　处：《史学集刊》2025年第3期135-144,共10页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：上海市“超级博士后”激励计划(2023537)。

摘　　要：14世纪英格兰教会贵族在议会中以个人或集体的名义提交了大量请愿书,试图通过请愿来寻求王室的回应与救济,这一过程体现了复杂的政教动态关系。在圣职任命方面,本土主教候选人试图借助王权对抗教皇委任,国王对请愿诉求的积极回应增强了本国教会对王权的认同;在征税方面,教会贵族以税金为代价换取王室对其请愿诉求的回应,在百年战争和反教权浪潮的影响下,教会抵御征税的能力不断弱化;在司法管辖方面,经过长期冲突与磨合,教会法庭和国王法庭的管辖范畴在14世纪中叶基本划定。到14世纪末,王权逐渐凌驾于教权之上,英格兰王室不仅主宰了对圣职授予纠纷的调解,还主导了对教会征税和教俗纠纷的裁决。In the fourteenth century,ecclesiastical nobles submitted a large number of petitions to the Parliament in their names of individual or collective,to express their dissatisfaction with royal infringements and to seek royal response and remedies through petitioning.This practice illustrates the complex relations between the Church and the Crown.In terms of ecclesiastical appointments,domestic bishop-electors sought to use royal authority to counter papal edicts and the kings’positive responses to their petitions strengthened the English Church's recognition of kingship.In terms of taxation,ecclesiastical nobles exchanged taxes for royal approval of their petitions,while the church's capacity to resist tax-levying steadily weakened under the pressures of the Hundred Years’War and the wave of anti-clericalism.In terms of jurisdiction,prolonged period of conflicts and adjustments eventually led to a clearer demarcation between ecclesiastical and royal courts by the middle of the fourteenth century.In summary,the royal authority had gradually surpassed ecclesiastical power by the end of the fourteenth century.The English Crown not only asserted dominance over disputes about ordination but also exerted control over ecclesiastical taxation and the adjudication of ecclesiastic-secular conflicts.

关 键 词：14世纪英格兰 教会贵族 议会请愿 政教关系 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学]