The Principle of Cortical Development and Evolution  

作　　者：Zhengang Yang 

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science,Department of Neurology,Institutes of Brain Science,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China

出　　处：《Neuroscience Bulletin》2025年第3期461-485,共25页神经科学通报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(STI2030-2021ZD0202300);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070971,32100768,32200776,and 32200792);the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)。

摘　　要：Human’s robust cognitive abilities,including creativity and language,are made possible,at least in large part,by evolutionary changes made to the cerebral cortex.This paper reviews the biology and evolution of mammalian cortical radial glial cells(primary neural stem cells)and introduces the concept that a genetically step wise process,based on a core molecular pathway already in use,is the evolutionary process that has molded cortical neurogenesis.The core mechanism,which has been identified in our recent studies,is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)-bone morphogenic protein 7(BMP7)-GLI3 repressor form(GLI3R)-sonic hedgehog(SHH)positive feedback loop.Additionally,I propose that the molecular basis for cortical evolutionary dwarfism,exemplified by the lissencephalic mouse which originated from a larger gyrencephalic ancestor,is an increase in SHH signaling in radial glia,that antagonizes ERK-BMP7 signaling.Finally,I propose that:(1)SHH signaling is not a key regulator of primate cortical expansion and folding;(2)human cortical radial glial cells do not generate neocortical interneurons;(3)human-specific genes may not be essential for most cortical expansion.I hope this review assists colleagues in the field,guiding research to address gaps in our understanding of cortical development and evolution.

关 键 词：Radial glia Cortical neurogenesis Cortical gliogenesis Cortical expansion Cortical evolution FGFERK signaling SHH signaling BMP7 INTERNEURON Human-specific gene 

分 类 号：Q42[生物学—神经生物学]