海上观星与中华一体——再论张子信三大天学发现的知识与社会背景  

Stargazing at Sea and the Unity of China:Revisiting the Knowledge and Social Context of Zhang Zixin's Three Astronomical Discoveries

作　　者：郑豪 ZHENG Hao(Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学数学科学系

出　　处：《中华民族共同体研究》2025年第1期104-125,M0006,共23页Journal of the Chinese Nation Studies

摘　　要：张子信三大天学发现可从事实、方法与理论三个层面进行研究。通过澄清基本史实,可在事实层面走出“史料困境”,扩展史料释读和运用的广度与深度。从“张子信旋风”来自海上这一基本事实入手,提出“海洋史视野中的天学史”的命题,可在方法层面突破既有研究的瓶颈。理论层面上,张子信的天学发现为重新审视和评估中国古代的海洋意识与海洋文化提供了可能。从中华一体的角度进行考量,张子信的出海观测实为沟通海洋史、历法史和中华民族交往交流交融史的一个关键环节。Zhang Zixin's three major astronomical discoveries can be examined from three dimensions:factual analysis,methodological approach,and theoretical framework.By clarifying the fundamental historical facts about Zhang Zixin,this study seeks to move beyond the“source dilemma”and expand both the breadth and depth of historical interpretation and utilization.Starting from the key fact that the“Zhang Zixin whirlwind”originated from the sea,this article proposes the concept of“the history of astronomy from a maritime historical perspective,”breaking through methodological limitations in existing research.On a theoretical level,Zhang Zixin's astronomical discoveries offer a new lens for reassessing and evaluating China's ancient maritime awareness and oceanic culture.From the perspective of China as a nity,Zhang Zixin's maritime observations serve as a crucial link between the histories of maritime exploration,calendrical science,and the history of exchanges,communication and integration of various ethnic groups in China.

关 键 词：张子信 三大天学发现 日食 海上观星 中华一体 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]