Neuromodulation technologies improve functional recovery after brain injury:From bench to bedside  

作　　者：Mei Liu Yijing Meng Siguang Ouyang Meng’ai Zhai Likun Yang Yang Yang Yuhai Wang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Neurosurgery,Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University(The 904th Hospital of PLA),Wuxi,Jiangsu Province,China [2]Department of Neurosurgery,The 904th Hospital of PLA,Jiangnan University,Wuxi,Jiangsu Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2026年第2期506-520,共15页中国神经再生研究(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371399(to YY);the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20221206(to YY);the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of Jiangsu Province,No.TJ-2022-028(to YY);the Scientific Research Program of Wuxi Health Commission,No.Z202302(to LY)。

摘　　要：Spontaneous recovery frequently proves maladaptive or insufficient because the plasticity of the injured adult mammalian central nervous system is limited.This limited plasticity serves as a primary barrier to functional recovery after brain injury.Neuromodulation technologies represent one of the fastest-growing fields in medicine.These techniques utilize electricity,magnetism,sound,and light to restore or optimize brain functions by promoting reorganization or long-term changes that support functional recovery in patients with brain injury.Therefore,this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects and underlying mechanisms of neuromodulation technologies in supporting motor function recovery after brain injury.Many of these technologies are widely used in clinical practice and show significant improvements in motor function across various types of brain injury.However,studies report negative findings,potentially due to variations in stimulation protocols,differences in observation periods,and the severity of functional impairments among participants across different clinical trials.Additionally,we observed that different neuromodulation techniques share remarkably similar mechanisms,including promoting neuroplasticity,enhancing neurotrophic factor release,improving cerebral blood flow,suppressing neuroinflammation,and providing neuroprotection.Finally,considering the advantages and disadvantages of various neuromodulation techniques,we propose that future development should focus on closed-loop neural circuit stimulation,personalized treatment,interdisciplinary collaboration,and precision stimulation.

关 键 词：functional recovery invasive electrical stimulation NEUROMODULATION noninvasive electrical stimulation stroke transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial photobiomodulation transcranial ultrasound stimulation traumatic brain injury 

分 类 号：R651.1[医药卫生—外科学]