湖南早春马铃薯品种比较试验  

Comparative Experiment of Early Spring Potato Varieties in Hunan Province

作　　者：吕春悦 叶亦心 董文[1] 秦玉芝[1] 林原 周华兰[1] 熊兴耀 胡新喜[1,2] LYU Chun-yue;YE Yi-xin;DONG Wen;QIN Yu-zhi;LIN Yuan;ZHOU Hua-lan;XIONG Xing-yao;HU Xin-xi(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Potato Engineering Technology Research Center in Hunan Province,College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha 410128,PRC;Yuelushan Laboratory,Changsha 410128,PRC;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]岳麓山实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期7-12,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201505);国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-ES16);湘财建指〔2023〕98号。

摘　　要：为筛选适宜湖南地区早春栽培的早熟、优质和高产马铃薯品种,以‘鄂马铃薯3号’‘华薯1号’和‘东农312’等27个早熟马铃薯品种为材料,在湖南省醴陵市进行品比试验。结果表明:‘冀张薯8号’和‘鄂马铃薯14号’等5个品种的株高超过56 cm;‘中薯5号’的单株块茎最重;‘冀张薯12号’‘中薯5号’和‘兴佳2号’的单薯重较重;‘兴佳2号’‘冀张薯12号’和‘冀张薯20号’等8个品种的商品薯率较高(>90%);‘冀张薯12号’‘兴佳2号’‘克新1号’和‘冀张薯20号’产量较高,较对照均增产30%以上;‘冀张薯20号’和‘华薯1号’食味品质综合评分更高(≥15分)。综上,‘兴佳2号’的产量、商品薯率和可比效益高,适宜在湖南地区进行早春栽培。‘冀张薯20号’的产量和商品薯率表现佳,且作为鲜薯食用时综合评分最高,建议作为优质鲜食品种开发;‘冀张薯12号’虽在多个指标下表现较优,但因其结薯浅易产生龙葵素,存在食用安全隐患,在生产栽培时应注意进行培土或覆盖黑膜。This study aims to select the potato varieties characterized by early maturing,high quality,and high yields for early spring cultivation in Hunan.A total of 27 early maturing potato varieties such as'Emalingshu 3','Huashu 1',and'Dongnong 312'were tested in Liling City,Hunan Province.The results showed that five varieties including'Jizhangshu 8'and'Emalingshu 14'had the plant height exceeding 56 cm.'Zhongshu 5'had the highest tuber weight per plant.'Jizhangshu 12','Zhongshu 5',and'Xingjia 2'had higher single tuber weight.Eight varieties including'Xingjia 2','Jizhangshu 12',and'Jizhangshu 20'had higher commodity potato rate(>90%).The yields of'Jizhangshu 12','Xingjia 2','Kexin 1',and'Jizhangshu 20'were higher,increasing by over 30%compared with that of the control.'Jizhangshu 20'and'Huashu 1'had higher comprehensive sensory score(≥15).In summary,'Xingjia 2'with a high yield,a high commodity potato rate,and high comparable benefits is suitable for early spring cultivation in Hunan.'Jizhangshu 20'with a high yield,a high commodity potato rate,and a high comprehensive sensory score is suitable to be developed as a high-quality fresh edible potato variety.Despite the good performance in multiple indexes,'Jizhangshu 12'is easy to produce solanine because of its tuberization in the shallow soil layer,which has edible safety risks.Therefore,hilling or black film mulching should be adopted during the cultivation of this variety.

关 键 词：春马铃薯 产量 品质 品种筛选 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]