生物炭和有机肥施用对辣椒生产及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Applying Biochar and Manure on Pepper(Capsicum spp.)Production and Soil Fertility

作　　者：杜姣 黄扬基 张玉平[1,2,3] 彭建伟 罗功文[1,2,3] DU Jiao;HUANG Yang-ji;ZHANG Yu-ping;PENG Jian-wei;LUO Gong-wen(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use,Changsha 410128,PRC;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Changsha 410128,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]土肥高效利用国家工程中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期22-29,共8页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2024JJ6250);“十四五”国家重点研发项目(2023YFD1201502)。

摘　　要：为探究猪粪与生物炭单独或联合施用对土壤肥力及辣椒生产力的影响,明确化肥减施下有机物料还田在辣椒生产上的应用潜力,以‘邹辣2号’为供试辣椒品种开展田间试验。试验共设4个处理,分别为NPK(纯化肥)、NPK+B(化肥+生物炭)、NPKM(猪粪堆肥有机氮代替20%化肥氮)、NPKM+B(猪粪堆肥有机氮代替20%化肥氮+生物炭)。结果表明:与NPK相比,NPKM和NPKM+B能够促进辣椒产量增长31%以上,还能降低辣椒病毒病的发病率,提高叶片叶绿素含量、植株生物量、植株养分吸收量和根总长等指标数值,降低果实中硝酸盐含量。与NPK相比,NPKM+B处理显著提高了土壤全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量,增加了果实维生素C含量。此外,试验中植株生长性状及土壤肥力水平中多个因子与辣椒病害发病率、果实产量及果实品质显著相关。综上,猪粪和生物炭的联合施用能够提高土壤肥力、改善辣椒的生长状况并降低辣椒典型土传病害的发病率,从而提高辣椒果实的产量及品质,有助于促进辣椒产业绿色、安全和可持续发展。This study aims to clarify the effects of applying pig manure and/or biochar on soil fertility and pepper(Capsicum spp.)productivity and the potential of applying manure on the basis of chemical fertilizer reduction in pepper production.Four treatments were designed,including pure chemical fertilizer(NPK),chemical fertilizer+biochar(NPK+B),manure compost nitrogen replacing 20%chemical fertilizer nitrogen(NPKM),and manure compost nitrogen replacing 20%chemical fertilizer nitrogen+biochar(NPKM+B).The results showed that compared with NPK,NPKM and NPKM+B increased the pepper yield by 31%,reduced the incidence of viral diseases,increased the leaf chlorophyll content,plant biomass,nutrient uptake,and total root length,and decreased the nitrate content of fruits.Compared with NPK,NPKM+B significantly increased the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and available nitrogen in soil,and increased the vitamin C content of fruits.Multiple plant growth traits and soil fertility indicators were significantly correlated with the fruit yield,fruit quality,and disease incidence.In summary,the application of pig manure and biochar could improve soil fertility while decreasing the incidence of typical soil-borne diseases,thus improving the fruit yield and quality and promoting the green,safe,and sustainable development of the pepper industry.

关 键 词：辣椒 生物炭 有机肥 生产力 病害防控 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S158.5[农业科学—园艺学]