中微量元素肥配施对烤烟生物碱积累及产质量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Medium and Trace Element Fertilizers on Alkaloid Accumulation,Yield,and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：刘子杰 黄瑞寅[2] 曾嘉楠 李红星 张圣强 陈建军[1] 王媛媛 杨天乐[2] LIU Zi-jie;HUANG Rui-yin;ZENG Jia-nan;LI Hong-xing;ZHANG Sheng-qiang;CHEN Jian-jun;WANG Yuan-yuan;YANG Tian-le(College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,PRC;China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510610,PRC;Guangdong Tobacco Qingyuan Co.,Ltd.,Qingyuan 511515,PRC;Lianzhou Branch,Guangdong Tobacco Qingyuan Co.,Ltd.,Lianzhou 513400,PRC)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院,广东广州510642 [2]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广东广州510610 [3]广东烟草清远市有限公司,广东清远511515 [4]广东烟草清远市有限公司连州市分公司,广东连州513400

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期30-36,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：清远市烟草专卖局(公司)科技项目(清烟科项202202)。

摘　　要：为探明不同中微量元素肥配施对烤烟生物碱积累及烤后产质量的影响,提升连州烟区烟叶产质量,以‘粤烟97’为供试材料进行对比试验。试验以喷施清水为对照(CK),设置3个施肥处理,分别为:氯镁硼肥(W1)、硒镁硼肥(W2)和钙镁硼肥(W3)。结果表明:与CK比较,各施肥处理的成熟期上部叶SPAD值均显著降低;成熟期烟株器官(根、茎、叶)的总生物碱含量均显著提高,增幅大小表现为W3>W2>W1;烤后烟叶总糖含量、还原糖含量及糖碱比均下降,总氮和烟碱含量升高,CCUI增长,且W3处理的各指标变化幅度均为最大;烤后烟叶的香气质、杂气、刺激性评分和感官质量评价总分均有所提高;上部叶比例显著上升,中、下部叶比例显著下降,产量、产值和均价显著提高,其中,W3的产量、产值和上部叶比例均较高,且上等烟比例最高。综上,合理配施中微量元素肥可有效提升烤烟烟碱含量、化学成分整体协调性、感官质量评分和烟叶经济性状指标值;其中,钙镁硼肥配施综合效果最佳,建议在连州烟区进行推广。This study investigated the effects of combined application of medium and trace element fertilizers on the alkaloid accumulation,quality,and yield of flue-cured tobacco,aiming to improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Lianzhou.The flue-cured tobacco cultivar'Yueyan 97'was planted and subjected to four fertilization treatments:water(CK),chlorine-magnesium-boron fertilizers(W1),selenium-magnesium-boron fertilizers(W2),and calcium-magnesium-boron fertilizers(W3).The results showed that compared with CK,the three fertilization treatments significantly decreased the SPAD values in the upper leaves during the maturation stage and significantly increased the alkaloid accumulation in the roots,stems,and leaves during the maturation stage,and the increases followed the trend of W3>W2>W1.Compared with CK,the three fertilization treatments showed decreases in total sugar content,reducing sugar content,and sugar/alkaloid ratio and increases in total nitrogen content,nicotine content,and chemical components usability index of flue-cured tobacco leaves,with W3 showcasing the largest changes.Meanwhile,medium and trace element fertilizer treatments improved the sensory evaluation scores regarding aroma quality,miscellaneous gas,irritation,and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco.Moreover,the fertilizers significantly increased the proportion of upper leaves and decreased the proportion of middle and lower leaves,thus enhancing the yield,production value,and average price,with W3 treatment showing higher yield,production value,and proportion of upper leaves and the highest proportion of top-grade tobacco.In conclusion,the combined application of medium and trace element fertilizers can improve the nicotine content,overall coordination of chemical composition,sensory quality score,and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.Particularly,the combined application of calcium-magnesium-boron fertilizers showing the best comprehensive performance should be popularized in Lianzhou.

关 键 词：烤烟 中微量元素肥 生物碱组分 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S158.5[农业科学—作物学]