烟草青枯病发生对不同土壤类型细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of Tobacco Bacterial Wilt on Bacterial Community Structures in Different Types of Soil

作　　者：徐兴波 周国琴 宝童曦 杨加标 虞健 杨邵磊 孟婷婷 吕芬 XU Xing-bo;ZHOU Guo-qin;BAO Tong-xi;YANG Jia-biao;YU Jian;YANG Shao-lei;MENG Ting-ting;LYU Fen(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,PRC;Xundian Branch,Kunming Tobacco Company,Xundian 655200,PRC)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]昆明市烟草公司寻甸分公司,云南寻甸655200

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期52-60,共9页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省烟草公司重点研发项目(2021XM15)。

摘　　要：在贵州省安顺市紫云县开展试验,通过调查并分析2种土壤类型下烟草青枯病发病土壤和健康土壤的理化性状以及酶活性,并采用16S rDNA和ITS基因测序技术分析了微生物群落结构差异。结果表明:在2种土壤类型下,发病土壤与健康土壤样品相比,pH值和微生物量碳均呈现下降趋势,水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾以及微生物量氮含量升高,其中土壤高氮含量可能是烟草青枯病发生的关键诱因之一;土壤酶活性方面,蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶活性降低,过氧化氢酶活性升高。其次,烟草青枯病发生会导致细菌群落物种丰富度和多样性都增加;门水平上黄壤发病土壤中变形菌门相对丰度上升,厚壁菌门相对丰度降低,水稻土中表现为相反变化。在属水平上,黄壤发病土中Tumebacillus属和脂环酸芽孢杆菌属为特异物种,水稻发病土中鞘氨醇单胞杆菌属特异物种,并且当烟草青枯病发生时,特异物种相对丰度均呈现明显上升趋势。黄壤健康体细菌群落各项代谢功能均强于发病土壤,水稻发病土中细菌群落异种生物降解和代谢功能以及细胞生长与死亡功能相对丰度较高,推测由于该2项功能变化导致烟株感病;RDA与VPA分析发现pH值和SOM的含量变化可能是导致烟株感病的主要驱动因子。烟草青枯病发生时,土壤理化性质,酶活性以及微生物群落结构有所改变,不同土壤类型中理化性质变化有所差异以及微生物群落结构变化呈现出不同的演替结果,健康土壤细菌群落代谢功能强于发病土壤。The experiment was carried out in Ziyun County,Anshun City,Guizhou Province.The physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities in the soil of tobacco suffering from tobacco bacterial wilt and healthy soil were investigated and analyzed.The microbial community structures in the two types of soil were analyzed by 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing.The results showed that the diseased soil samples demonstrated declines in pH value and microbial biomass carbon and increases in content of hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and microbial biomass nitrogen compared with the healthy soil samples.The high nitrogen content in the soil may be one of the key causes of tobacco bacterial wilt.The diseased soil had weakened activities of sucrase and acid phosphatase and an enhanced activity of catalase compared with the healthy soil.In addition,the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt increased the richness and diversity of soil bacteria.At the phylum level,the yellow diseased soil had increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundance of Firmicutes,while the opposite changes were observed in paddy soil.At the genus level,Tumebacillus and Alicyclobacillus were specific in the yellow diseased soil,and Sphingomonas was specific in diseased paddy soil.Moreover,the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of specific taxa.The metabolic functions of the bacterial community in the healthy yellow soil were stronger than those in the diseased soil.The relative abundance of the heterogeneous biodegradation and metabolic function and the cell growth and death function of the bacterial community in the diseased paddy soil was higher,which suggested that the changes of these two functions led to the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt.RDA and VPA results showed that changes in pH and soil organic matter content might be the main driving factors for tobacco bacterial wilt.When tobacco bacterial wilt occurred,the soil physical and ch

关 键 词：烟草青枯病 理化性状 细菌群落 代谢功能 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]