湖南县域耕地破碎化时空演变特征及驱动因素分析  

Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Fragmentation at the County Level in Hunan Province

作　　者：周雨彤 邓楚雄[1] 邓志位 ZHOU Yu-tong;DENG Chu-xiong;DENG Zhi-wei(School of Geographical Sciences,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学地理科学学院,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第3期88-97,共10页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2024JJ8350)。

摘　　要：为了研究湖南省耕地分布及破碎化情况,基于2000、2020年3期土地利用数据,以122个县域为基本研究单元,选取景观格局指数构建破碎化指标体系评估耕地破碎化情况,并利用空间自相关分析的方法探究耕地破碎化的时空变化特征,最后借助地理探测器分析耕地破碎化空间异质性成因。结果显示:(1)湖南省2000—2020年耕地丰度逐步下降,呈现东多西少的空间格局,整体由南向北递增;(2)耕地破碎化具有加剧的态势,空间上呈现东北向西南升高的分布特点,高破碎化区域主要集中在西北部、西南部和东南部,湘西地区耕地破碎化加剧显著;(3)耕地破碎化具有显著的空间集聚效应,且集聚性有先增后减的变化趋势,高-高聚类主要分布在湘西和湘南,低-低聚类则集中分布在湘北;(4)自然、人文因素共同作用造成了湖南省耕地破碎化现象的空间异质性;自然因素为其主导因素,人文因素中人均GDP、人口密度、距道路距离对其影响较大。综上所述,湖南省耕地破碎化呈现复杂的时空变化特征,受社会经济发展、农业管理和耕地禀赋差异影响,其空间异质性增强。基本研究结论,建议:高破碎化地区应优先土地整合和生态修复;中等地区可通过土地整治和优化农业结构提升耕地利用率;低破碎化地区则需注重耕地保护和现代农业发展。This study evaluated the distribution and fragmentation of cultivated land in Hunan Province.The land use data of 122 counties,cities and districts in 2000,2010 and 2020 were used,and the landscape pattern index was chosen to construct the fragmentation index system for e。valuating cultivated land fragmentation.Spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics of cultivated land fragmentation.Finally,geographic detectors were used to explore the factors behind spatial heterogeneity in fragmentation.The results were yielded as follows.(1)Cultivated land abundance in Hunan Province decreased from 2000 to 2020,with more land in the east than in the west and an increasing trend from south to north.(2)Cultivated land fragmentation intensified,with fragmentation increasing from the northeast to the southwest.High-fragmentation areas were concentrated in the northwest,southwest,and southeast,and cultivated land fragmentation in western Hunan was severer.(3)Cultivated land fragmentation displayed significant spatial clustering,which initially increased and then decreased.High-high clusters appeared in western and southern Hunan,while low-low clusters were found in northern Hunan.(4)The fragmentation was influenced by both natural and human factors.Natural factors dominated,while human factors such as GDP per capita,population density,and distance to roads also played important roles.To sum up,cultivated land fragmentation in Hunan Province presented complex spatiotemporal characteristics,with spatial heterogeneity enhanced by social and economic development,agricultural management,and differences in cultivated land endowment.Based on the study conclusion,high-fragmentation areas need land integration and ecological restoration.Medium-fragmentation areas can be improved by land rehabilitation and agricultural structure optimization,which can improve the cultivated land use efficiency.In low-fragmentation areas,emphasis should be put on cultivated land protection and modern farming d

关 键 词：耕地破碎化 景观格局指数 空间自相关分析 地理探测器 湖南 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]