大冶湖表层底泥营养盐污染分析及重金属潜在生态风险评价  

Analysis of nutrient pollution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediment of Daye Lake

作　　者：张平 刘伯娟 王咏铃 吴迪民 张曼 乔梁 Zhang Ping;Liu Bojuan;Wang Yongling;Wu Dimin;Zhang Man;Qiao Liang(Hubei Institute of Water Resources Survey and Design Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院有限公司,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《环境与发展》2025年第2期33-42,72,共11页Environment & Development

摘　　要：以汉江中下游典型湖泊大冶湖为研究区,对湖泊底泥进行采样并测定表层底泥有机质、总氮、总磷及重金属(Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn)含量,定量评价大冶湖表层底泥营养盐及重金属污染风险。结果表明:(1)大冶湖表层底泥中的有机质含量均值为10~73.4g/kg,总氮含量在850~4230mg/kg之间,总磷含量在108~2814mg/kg之间;表层底泥中的有机指数平均值为0.6,有机氮含量平均值为0.23%,总磷单因子污染指数平均值达2.2,氮磷均为重度污染,需采取措施进行底泥营养盐污染控制;(2)大冶湖表层底泥中的重金属含量除铬(Cr)外,其他重金属含量平均值均高于湖北省土壤背景值,其中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)含量平均值分别为湖北省土壤背景值的285倍、19倍及17倍;重金属潜在生态风险指数在229~203940之间,三里七湖1~3号检测点污染物潜在生态风险指数分别高达38259、119907及203940,重金属污染极其严重,亟需采取措施改善湖泊底泥重金属污染状况。Taking Daye Lake,a typical lake in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River,as the research area,the sediment of the lake was sampled and the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and heavy metals(Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn)in the surface sediment were measured to quantitatively evaluate the risk of nutrient and heavy metal pollution in Daye Lake′s surface sediment.The results show that:(1)The average organic matter content in the surface sediment of Daye Lake is 10~73.4g/kg,the total nitrogen content is between 850 mg/kg and 4230 mg/kg,and the total phosphorus content is between 108 mg/kg and 2814 mg/kg;The average organic index in the surface sediment is 0.6,the average organic nitrogen content is 0.23%,and the average single factor pollution index of total phosphorus is 2.2.Both nitrogen and phosphorus are heavily polluted,and measures need to be taken to control nutrient pollution in the sediment;(2)The average content of heavy metals in the surface sediment of Daye Lake,except for chromium(Cr),is higher than the soil background value in Hubei Province.Among them,the average content of cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),and copper(Cu)is 285 times,19 times,and 17 times higher than the soil background value in Hubei Province,respectively;The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals ranges from 229 to 203940.The potential ecological risk index of pollutants at detection points 13 of Sanliqi Lake is as high as 38259,119907 and 203940,respectively.Heavy metal pollution is extremely serious,and measures are urgently needed to improve the heavy metal pollution situation of lake sediment.

关 键 词：底泥污染 营养盐 重金属 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]