乌梁素海中全氟和多氟化合物监测及生态风险评估  

Monitoring and ecological risk assessment of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Wuliangsuhai Lake

作　　者：王向飞 李亮 李娜 邵东辉 Wang Xiangfei;Li Liang;Li Na;Shao Donghui(Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Station,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区环境监测总站,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《环境与发展》2025年第2期43-47,共5页Environment & Development

摘　　要：全氟和多氟化合物(PFAS)作为新型持久性有机污染物,其环境风险及迁移转化特征在干旱半干旱区域的系统性研究仍存在空白。本研究对乌梁素海中PFAS的生态风险评估,是以内蒙古乌梁素海流域为对象,通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析水样中14种PFAS的污染特征,并采用风险熵(RQs)评估生态风险。结果显示,水体中PFAS总浓度范围为29.7~60.2 ng/L,全氟辛酸(PFOA)占比最高(48.0%),短链化合物(C4~C7)占比45.1%,反映工业替代趋势。空间分布显示:3#点位浓度最高(60.2ng/L),与其他国内水体中的监测数据对比具有一定地域特征。生态风险评估表明,PFOS的RQ值高于PFHxA、PFOA和PFNA,但所有点位PFAS的RQ值均小于0.1,表明乌梁素海水环境PFAS污染浓度尚未达到对生态环境具有风险的水平。本研究揭示了干旱区PFAS污染特征,为环境管理和风险防控提供科学依据。As a new type of persistent organic pollutants,there is still a gap in the systematic research on the environmental risks and migration characteristics of perand polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in arid and semiarid regions.In this study,the pollution characteristics of 14 PFAS in water samples were analyzed by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry(LCMS)in the Wuliangsuhai Lake,and the ecological risk was assessed by risk entropy(RQs).The results showed that the total concentration of PFAS in the water ranged from 29.7~60.2 ng/L,with perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)accounting for the highest proportion(48.0%),and shortchain compounds(C4~C7)accounting for 45.1%,reflecting the trend of industrial substitution.The spatial distribution showed that the concentration of 3#was the highest(60.2 ng/L),Compared with the monitoring data in other domestic water bodies,it has certain regional characteristics.The ecological risk assessment showed that the RQ value of PFOS was higher than that of PFHxA,PFOA and PFNA,but the RQs value of PFAS at all points was less than 0.1,indicating that the pollution concentration of PFAS in Wuliangsuhai Lake water environment had not reached the level of risk to the ecological environment.This study revealed the characteristics of PFAS pollution in arid areas and provided a scientific basis for environmental management and risk prevention and control.

关 键 词：全氟化合物 乌梁素海 环境监测 生态风险评估 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]