航空发动机涡轮部件技术特征分析与发展预测  

Characteristics analysis and development forecast of aero-engine turbine component technology

作　　者：贺进 薛伟鹏 张维涛 黄文周 张克祥 刘存良[2] 王俨剀[2] HE Jin;XUE Weipeng;ZHANG Weitao;HUANG Wenzhou;ZHANG Kexiang;LIU Cunliang;WANG Yankai(AECC Sichuan Gas Turbine Establishment,Chengdu 610500,China;School of Power and Energy,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院,成都610500 [2]西北工业大学动力与能源学院,西安710072

出　　处：《燃气涡轮试验与研究》2025年第2期20-32,共13页Gas Turbine Experiment and Research

摘　　要：涡轮部件作为航空发动机的核心热端部件,其性能突破是推动航空动力系统代际跃迁的关键。通过构建“需求牵引-技术进化”双维度分析框架,系统回顾了五代涡轮技术的演进历程,揭示了气动、冷却、结构强度、材料工艺技术的协同进化机制。研究指出,涡轮技术发展遵循“需求牵引”与“技术推动”的螺旋式规律:第一代至第四代发动机涡轮通过气动效率优化、冷却技术创新、结构可靠性增长、材料耐温极限提升,支撑发动机推重比、涡轮前温度不断提高;第五代涡轮则面向变循环、多模式需求,聚焦宽工作范围高效设计、变几何调节及陶瓷基复合材料应用。在此基础上,提出了涡轮技术未来发展的八大方向。研究成果为新一代涡轮技术攻关提供了理论框架与决策支持。As the core hot-section component of aero-engines,turbine technology plays a pivotal role in advancing propulsion system generations.The dual-dimensional framework integrating“demand-pull”and“technology progression”was established to review five generations of turbine development systematically,focusing on the synergistic evolution of aerodynamics,cooling,and structural strength technologies.The research reveals that turbine advancements follow a dual-driven mechanism of“demand-pull”and“technology-push”.From the first to the fourth generation,breakthroughs in high-temperature materials,efficient aerodynamic design,and advanced cooling techniques enabled thrust-to-weight ratio and turbine inlet temperatures improvement.Targeting adaptive cycle engines,the fifth-generation turbines emphasize wide-operability efficiency,variable geometry adjustment,and ceramic matrix composite(CMC)applications.Based on these trends,eight key future development directions were proposed to provide theoretical and engineering guidance for next-generation turbine technology development.

关 键 词：航空发动机 涡轮部件 技术特征 气动效率 冷却技术 结构强度 发展预测 

分 类 号：V231.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]