失能失智老人社会照护论——兼谈养老服务法之立法  

On Social Care for the Elderly with Functional and Cognitive Impairments:A Discussion on the Legislation of the Social Elderly Care Service Law

作　　者：郑尚元[1] 李佳持 ZHENG Shangyuan;LI Jiachi(School of Law,Tsinghua University,Beijing 10084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第3期92-105,共14页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：我国人口老龄化、少子化现象严重,城市化与社会内卷导致城乡失能失智老人生活照料成为相关家庭的难题。近二十年来,我国社会养老服务事业进展较快,党和政府高度重视社会养老服务工作,尤其关注失能失智老人的社会照护工作。即通过社会整体力量弥补个人生存之困难,化解失能失智老人家庭的生活难题。社会照护系社会养老服务中专门针对失能失智老人的一类特殊社会养老服务。当前,各省市皆在推进失能失智老人社会照护工作,将其作为社会养老服务工作之“兜底性”保障的重要内容。与失能失智老人的切实需求相比,此项社会保障工作才刚刚启动,制度建设尤其滞后,建构中国特色的养老服务立法系失能失智老人社会照护的最可靠保障。China is grappling with severe population aging and declining birth rates,compounded by urbanization and social involution,which have made daily care for elderly individuals with functional and cognitive impairments in both urban and rural areas a pressing challenge for families.Over the past two decades,China has made significant progress in developing social elderly care services.The Party and the government have prioritized this field,particularly emphasizing social care for the elderly with functional and cognitive impairments.This approach mobilizes collective societal resources to alleviate individual hardships and resolve care-giving burdens faced by families.Social care,as a specialized component of social elderly care services,specifically targets this vulnerable group.Currently,provinces and municipalities across China are advancing social care initiatives for this demographic,positioning them as a critical“safety-net guarantee”within the broader elderly care system.However,compared to the actual needs of these elderly individuals,such social safeguards remain in their infancy,with legal frameworks notably lagging.Establishing a rule-of-law system for social elderly care services with Chinese characteristics is the most reliable guarantee for ensuring effective social care for the elderly with functional and cognitive impairments.

关 键 词：失能失智老人 社会照护 社会养老服务法制 养老服务法 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学]