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作 者:汪存龙 孙凯林 李琨 刘文才[2] 张亮[2] 吴国华[2] WANG Cunlong;SUN Kailin;LI Kun;LIU Wencai;ZHANG Liang;WU Guohua(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 210013,China;National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)
机构地区:[1]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,镇江210013 [2]上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程中心,上海200240
出 处:《中国有色金属学报》2025年第4期1039-1061,共23页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals
基 金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105348)。
摘 要:近年来,铝合金作为轻量化材料在汽车工业、航空航天、船舶海洋及其他装备制造领域得到广泛应用。上述工业应用场景对300℃以上的中、高温环境的服役需求越来越迫切,而现有的耐热铝合金并不能满足其需求。新近发展的以稀土元素(RE)作为主合金化元素的Al-RE系耐热铝合金,鉴于其优异的高温性能与蠕变抗力,以及微观结构所具备的可设计性和可控调性,展现出了巨大的工程应用潜力。本文综述了近年来国内外关于Al-RE系耐热铝合金的主要进展,包括以Al-Sc和Al-Er等为代表的时效析出强化型合金、以Al-Ce为代表的共晶强化型合金和兼具前述时效析出相和共晶组织的复合强化型合金。本文对Al-RE合金中,不同合金体系的优缺点进行了充分的分析和总结,从主合金化元素、其他非稀土合金元素、热处理工艺制度和微观组织热稳定性等方面探讨了Al-RE系合金的微观组织调控思路,并参考现有的耐热铝合金,综合评价了合金的室温拉伸性能和高温蠕变性能。最后,对Al-RE系耐热铝合金的发展进行了展望。In recent years,as a typical lightweight material,Al alloys show broad applications in the fields of automobile,aerospace and aviation,marine and shipbuilding and other equipment manufacturing industries.Due to the emerging demands in mediate and elevated temperatures of over 300℃in those fields,conventional heat-resistant Al alloys may not meet its requirements.Recently developed novel Al-RE alloys,which using rare-earths as main alloying elements,show good strengths at elevated temperatures and creep resistance,and due to the designability and controllability of its microstructure.These novel series of alloys show great potential for engineering applications.The present paper reviewed the recent developments globally of the heat-resistant Al-RE alloys.The Al-RE alloys mainly summarized to three categories:the precipitation hardening alloys(typically the Al-Sc and Al-Er alloys),the eutectic alloys(typically the Al-Ce alloys)and the alloys containing both precipitates and eutectic phases(abbreviated as compound strengthening alloys).The paper also analyzed and summarized the pros and pons of these three categories of Al-RE alloys.The route for manipulating of microstructures through main RE alloying elements,non-RE alloying elements,heat treatment procedures and the thermal stability of microstructures has also been carefully discussed.The overall mechanical performance including room temperature tensile strengths and creep behavior at elevated temperatures is also evaluated with comparison to conventional heat-resistant Al alloys.Finally,the future developments and prospects of heat-resistant Al-RE alloys has been proposed.
分 类 号:TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]
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