小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术在铝合金纳米析出相研究中的应用进展  

Application progress of small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)technology on nano-precipitates in aluminum alloys

作　　者：罗军 王曦 刘昌奎 李楠 LUO Jun;WANG Xi;LIU Changkui;LI Nan(AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials,Beijing 100095,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials Testing and Evaluation,Beijing 100095,China;Key Laboratory of Aeronautical Materials Testing and Evaluation,AECC,Beijing 100095,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [2]航空材料检测与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100095 [3]中国航空发动机集团材料检测与评价重点实验室,北京100095

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2025年第4期1111-1126,共16页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFB3403904)。

摘　　要：时效型铝合金(如2xxx、6xxx、7xxx铝合金等)是一类可以通过时效硬化显著提高其力学性能的铝合金,这些合金的强化主要是依靠时效过程中的析出相来实现。因此,如何准确分析析出相的析出动力学特征(如尺寸、体积分数、数量密度等)具有重要意义。与其他检测技术相比,小角X射线散射(SAXS)技术由于在非破坏性检测、高灵敏度、定量分析等方面具有显著优势,是一种无损表征时效型铝合金析出相最有效的方法之一。本文介绍了SAXS技术的测试原理及数据分析方法,以及该技术在时效型铝合金析出相中的研究现状,包括不同的加工方式、热处理制度及合金成分等因素对析出相结构参数的影响,并展望了未来的研究及发展方向,如提高分辨率和灵敏度、提升原位实验能力、融合多模态表征方法、发展自动化和高通量测试及发展智能化和自动化数据分析方法及技术。Ageing-type aluminum alloys(e.g.2xxx,6xxx,7xxx aluminum alloys,etc.)are a class of aluminum alloys that can significantly improve their mechanical properties through aging hardening,and the strengthening of these alloys is mainly achieved by precipitates during aging.Therefore,it is of great significance how to accurately analyze the precipitation kinetic characteristics of the precipitated phases(e.g.size,volume fraction,number density,etc.).Compared with other detection techniques,small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)technology is one of the most effective methods for non-destructive characterization of aging aluminum alloy precipitates due to its significant advantages in non-destructive detection,high sensitivity and quantitative analysis.This paper described the testing principle and data analysis method of SAXS technique and the current research status of this technique in aging-type aluminum alloy precipitated phase,including the influence of different processing methods,heat treatment system and alloy composition on the structural parameters of precipitated phase.The future research and development directions were prospected,such as improving resolution and sensitivity,upgrading in-situ experimental ability,integrating multi-modal characterization methods,developing automation and high-throughput testing,and developing intelligent and automated data analysis methods and technologies.

关 键 词：铝合金 小角X射线散射 析出相 尺寸 体积分数 

分 类 号：TG115.23[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]