赤泥硫酸化焙烧-水浸回收铝铁实验研究  

Experimental study on extraction of aluminum-iron by sulfation roasting and water leaching of red mud

作　　者：门子湄 朱晓波 李望[1,2] 袁彩凤 张志[3,4] MEN Zimei;ZHU Xiaobo;LI Wang;YUAN Caifeng;ZHANG Zhi(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Henan Provincial Technical Center for Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Eco Environmental Damage Identification and Restoration,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学化学化工学院,焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学煤炭安全生产与清洁高效利用协同创新中心,焦作454000 [3]河南省生态环境技术中心,郑州450000 [4]河南省生态环境损害鉴定与修复工程技术研究中心,郑州450000

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2025年第4期1352-1368,共17页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：河南省重点研发专项资助项目(231111321800);河南省自然科学基金资助项目(232300420078);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51804103,51904097);河南省科技攻关项目(232102321138);河南理工大学杰出青年基金资助项目(J2022-3)。

摘　　要：赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中排放的碱性固体废弃物,产量大,污染问题较突出。同时,作为二次利用资源,赤泥中含有大量有价金属铝和铁,回收利用铝和铁可有效降低赤泥储量,创造经济效益。本文提出硫酸化焙烧-水浸回收赤泥中铝和铁,研究硫酸浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、水浸温度、液固比、搅拌速度等对铝和铁浸出率的影响;采用XRD、SEM-EDS、FT-IR等表征方法对赤泥硫酸化焙烧-水浸过程进行分析。结果表明,在硫酸化焙烧-水浸中,赤泥中富含铁、铝的矿相如赤铁矿、一水铝石、水铝榴石矿相等转变成霍曼石,水合硫酸氢铝等矿相,水浸后铝、铁易于进入溶液中,实现赤泥中铝、铁的高效回收。赤泥中铝和铁硫酸焙烧后的水浸过程符合核收缩反应控制模型。浸出动力学表明,铝的溶解过程受混合反应模型的控制,浸出表观活化能为38.48 kJ/mol。而铁的溶解过程受化学控制模型的控制,浸出表观活化能为43.25 kJ/mol,铝的溶解过程相对较快且容易,而铁的溶解过程则较为复杂缓慢。Red mud is a polluting solid waste produced in the production process of alumina,with large output and prominent pollution problem.As a secondary utilization resource,red mud contains a large amount of valuable metals aluminum and iron,and the recycling of valuable metals aluminum and iron can reduce the reserves of red mud and create economic benefits.In this paper,the effects of various parameters,such as sulfuric acid concentration,roasting temperature,roasting time,water immersion temperature,liquid-solid ratio,stirring speed,etc.,on the leaching rate of aluminum and iron were studied.XRD,SEM-EDS,FT-IR and other characterization methods were used to analyze the process of red mud sulfation roasting and water leaching.The results show that,during the process of sulfation roasting and water immersion,the red mud is rich in aluminite and iron,such as hematite,Gibbsite and Hydrogrossular,and other mineral phases are transformed into hohmannite,hydrated aluminum sulfate and other mineral phases,and enter the solution after water immersion to realize the extraction of aluminum iron from red mud.The water leaching processes of sulfuric acid roasting of aluminum and iron in red mud conform to the nuclear shrinkage reaction control model.The data show that the dissolution process of aluminum is controlled by a mixed reaction model with an activation energy of 38.48 kJ/mol.The dissolution process of iron is controlled by the chemical control model,and the activation energy is 43.25 kJ/mol.Under the influence of the control model,the dissolution process of aluminum is relatively rapid,while the dissolution process of iron is more complex and slower.

关 键 词：赤泥 硫酸化焙烧 水浸 铝铁 浸出动力学模型 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF5[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X758