内外贸易成本扭曲如何影响出口企业服务化转型——来自中国制造业的经验证据  

How Do Domestic and Foreign Trade Cost Distortions Affect the Servitization Transformation of Export Firms--Evidence from China's Manufacturing Industry

作　　者：袁凯华 侯瑞东 包时鹏 YUAN Kaihua;HOU Ruidong;BAO Shipeng

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学经济学院 [2]中国人民大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2025年第4期125-140,共16页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“贸易成本扭曲视角下中国先进制造业的服务化转型困境与对策研究”(20CJL026)。

摘　　要：尽管服务化转型备受关注,但受制于研究视角,已有文献难以解释中国服务业蓬勃发展和先进制造业服务化转型困局并存的现实。有鉴于此,本文基于内外贸易成本扭曲视角,借助可区分服务投入来源的空间一般均衡模型与相关数据,构造更加契合中国现实的情景设定,追溯大国服务化转型困境的内在根源。结果显示:内外贸成本扭曲虽然促进了总体服务化水平的提升,但背后隐藏着抑制国内服务投入、依赖服务进口、中国服务化转型受制于人的潜在困境;内外贸易成本扭曲通过增强外部要素依赖、削弱国内产业配套,诱使企业陷入国外服务化替代国内服务化的转型困境,并且内外贸易成本扭曲所造成的制造业服务化发展困境在一般贸易企业与先进制造业企业中更为严重;数字化与区域一体化发展战略能够显著提升企业的国内服务投入水平,缓解内外贸易成本扭曲的负面影响,从而扭转一般贸易企业和先进制造业企业国内服务投入不足的局面。本文研究结论不仅解释了中国服务化转型困境的内在逻辑,还能为促进国内统一大市场建设、推动制造业服务化转型提供经验参考。Although the servitization transformation has drawn extensive attention,limitations in research perspectives hinder the existing literature from explaining the coexistence of the robust growth of China's service industry and the plight of servitization transformation in advanced manufacturing.In light of this,this paper,from the perspective of domestic and foreign trade cost distortions,employs a spatial general equilibrium model that distinguishes the sources of service inputs and uses relevant data to construct scenarios more aligned with China's reality and trace the internal roots of the servitization transformation dilemma in China.The results are as follows.First,although domestic and foreign trade cost distortions have contributed to the elevation of the overall servitization level,they conceal a potential problem of suppressing domestic service inputs and promoting reliance on service imports,rendering China's servitization transformation vulnerable to external constraints.Second,these distortions cause firms to fall into a transformation dilemma where foreign servitization replaces domestic servitization by strengthening external factor dependence and weakening domestic industrial supporting capabilities.Moreover,the challenges in the servitization development of the manufacturing industry caused by these distortions are more pronounced in general trade and advanced manufacturing firms.Third,digitalization and regional integration development strategies significantly enhance firms'domestic service input levels,mitigate the negative impacts caused by domestic and foreign trade cost distortions,and thus reverse the shortage of domestic service inputs in general trade and advanced manufacturing firms.The findings of this paper not only explain the internal logic behind China's servitization transformation dilemma,but also provide empirical references for promoting the construction of a unified national market and advancing the servitization transformation of manufacturing.

关 键 词：贸易成本 国内服务化 国外服务化 先进制造业 一般均衡 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]