高性能镁基储氢材料的研究及其应用  

Research and application progress in high-performance Mg-based hydrogen storage materials

作　　者：赵颖燕 邹建新[1,2] 林羲 李映辉 王旭升 丁文江 ZHAO YingYan;ZOU JianXin;LIN Xi;LI YingHui;WANG XuSheng;DING WenJiang(Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science&Center of Hydrogen Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloys Net Forming&State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院,上海交通大学氢科学中心,上海200240 [2]轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,200240

出　　处：《中国科学:技术科学》2025年第4期599-616,共18页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2022YFB3803700)资助项目。

摘　　要：本文探讨了高性能镁基储氢材料的最新研究进展及其在氢能应用中的发展潜力.氢能作为清洁、高效且环境友好的二次能源,在实现全球能源转型和应对气候变化中具有不可替代的战略地位.固态储氢技术凭借其高安全、高储氢容量等优势迅猛发展,其中镁基储氢材料已成为氢能储存与运输领域的核心研究对象之一.然而,镁基储氢材料在实际应用中仍面临操作温度偏高、吸放氢速率慢等关键挑战.针对这些问题,本文系统探讨了通过成分与结构调控、催化剂引入及纳米化等改性策略,以优化镁基储氢材料的综合性能的研究工作.在系统开发方面,研究者们基于不同的数值模拟策略对镁基固态储氢系统的重要参数进行预测和优化,对工作状态下的系统进行高效热管理.此外,本文还详细列举了近年来镁基储氢材料在车载储氢系统、固定式储氢及分布式能源系统等多个领域的成功应用案例,进一步证明了其广泛应用的潜力.最后,本文分析了当前研究面临的主要挑战,并对镁基储氢材料的未来发展方向进行了展望.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in high-performance magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials and their potential applications in the hydrogen energy field.As a clean,efficient,and environmentally friendly secondary energy source,hydrogen occupies a crucial position in accelerating global energy transformation and coping with climate change.With advantages such as high safety levels and significant hydrogen storage capacity,solid-state hydrogen storage technologies have developed rapidly.Among these,magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have garnered significant attention for energy storage and transportation.However,some significant challenges remain in practical applications including relatively high operating temperatures,slow hydrogen absorption and desorption rates,etc.To address these issues,this paper systematically summarizes advanced techniques(composition and structure modulating,catalyst doping,and nanostructuring)to optimize the performances of magnesium-based materials.Besides,in the research and development fields of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage systems,various numerical simulation strategies have been adapted to predict and optimize the key parameters to enhance thermal management under operating conditions.The study also explores specific applications of magnesium-based materials across various sectors,including vehicular hydrogen storage systems,stationary hydrogen storage facilities,and distributed energy systems,highlighting their broad potential.Finally,this paper analyzed the research challenges and the future development directions of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials.

关 键 词：氢能 镁基储氢材料 储氢性能 系统集成 镁基固态储运氢系统 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]