仿生导叶对长短叶片水泵水轮机“S”特性的优化研究  

Optimization of the“S”characteristics of a pump-turbine with splitter blades utilizing bionic guide vanes

作　　者：施俊德 赵子龙 钱忠东[1] SHI JunDe;ZHAO ZiLong;QIAN ZhongDong(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国科学:技术科学》2025年第4期741-752,共12页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52279090)资助项目。

摘　　要：水泵水轮机存在S形不稳定区,严重影响机组的安全运行.本文以座头鲸鳍状肢为原型,设计并优选了仿生活动导叶,研究其对长短叶片水泵水轮机“S”特性的优化效果及影响机制,并分析了仿生导叶对水泵水轮机能量特性的影响.结果表明:基于座头鲸鳍状肢中跨剖面设计的仿生导叶对水泵水轮机“S”特性的优化效果最佳,外特性曲线S形不稳定区间缩小了近75%;仿生导叶使活动导叶区的流动更加稳定,无叶区的高速水环范围和活动导叶区的旋涡结构显著减少;此外,仿生导叶抑制了水轮机工况下的活动导叶尾涡和转轮叶道涡,转轮和导叶区的总熵产率降低26.6%,水轮机工况最高效率提高了2.1%,但仿生导叶也增大了水泵工况下活动导叶区的能量损失,使最高效率下降了1.0%.The S-shaped characteristics of the performance curve of the turbine working model considerably impact the performance and stability of the pump-turbine.Here,we design bionic guide vanes inspired by the flipper of the humpback whale to improve the“S”characteristics of the pump-turbine.The results indicate that the bionic guide vane,derived from the mid-span cross-section of the flipper,is most effective for improving the“S”characteristics of the pump-turbine.The instability interval characterized by the infection points on the S-shaped performance curve is reduced by approximately 75%.The preferred bionic guide vanes can stabilize the flow in the guide vane region and the vaneless space where the area of the high-speed water ring and the number of vortex structures are increased.Moreover,in terms of energy characteristics,the preferred bionic guide vanes suppress the wake flow of the guide vane and the inter-blade vortex in the runner region under turbine design conditions,thereby,reducing the total production rate of the entropy in the stay vane,guide vane and runner region by 26.6%and ultimately improving the maximum efficiency by 2.1%.However,under pump design conditions,the bionic guide vanes aggravate the flow pattern in the stay vane region,thereby decreasing the maximum efficiency by 1.0%.

关 键 词：水泵水轮机 S特性 仿生导叶 流动被动控制 

分 类 号：TK730.2[交通运输工程—轮机工程]