养老机构照护者情感劳动与动力机制的民族志考察  

An Ethnography of Caregivers’Emotional Labor and Its Dynamics in a Non-Profit Nursing Home

作　　者：杨小柳[1] 钱芃希 YANG Xiaoliu;QIAN Pengxi

机构地区：[1]中山大学移民与族群研究中心、社会学与人类学学院 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《思想战线》2025年第2期83-94,共12页Thinking

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“残疾人社会组织活力的社会机制研究”阶段性成果(21&ZD182)。

摘　　要：随着当代中国人口结构与家庭规模的转型,照护工作的市场化和社会化转向成为不可回避的现实。在性别、阶层与年龄交织相叠的社会不平等中,护理员们被期待施行情感劳动以满足雇主的情感需要。既有研究对于情感劳动的关切却未能注意到这一现象的动态性和多层次性,这意味着在“卷入程度的深浅”之外,还需引入“情感扮演的性质”的维度,才能描摹出护理员情感劳动的全过程,其区分的标准在于施行情感劳动时,护理员是将照护对象视作“活生生的人”或是仅仅具备身/心障碍的客体。由此,护理员的情感劳动可划分为“消极回应下的浅层伪装”“积极回应下的浅层伪装”“消极回应下的深层扮演”“积极回应下的深层扮演”四种类型。在养老机构划定的时—空范围内,地方文化观念、机构运作模式与服务对象特征三重情境架构出照护者施行情感劳动的动力机制,照护工作的“温情”面向因而得以显现。With the transition in demographics and household structure in contemporary China,the marketization and socialization of care work has become an unavoidable reality.Amid intersecting social inequalities of sex/gender,class,and age,caregivers are expected to perform emotional labor to fulfill the emotional needs of their employers.Existing studies on emotional labor have overlooked its dynamic and multilayered nature.Beyond the“degree of involvement”,it is essential to incorporate the dimension of the“motivations of emotional display”to fully capture the complexities of caregivers’emotional labor.The key criterion for distinguishing caregivers’emotional labor is whether they perceive elderly individuals as“living human beings”or merely as objects with physical or mental issues.Based on this distinction,caregivers’emotional labor can be categorized into four types:“surface acting with a negative response”,“surface acting with a positive response”,“deep acting with a negative response”and“deep acting with a positive response”.Within the temporal and spatial boundaries of the non-profit nursing home,local cultural concepts,institutional management mode and the characteristics of the service recipients shape the dynamics of caregivers’emotional labor,ultimately cultivating the“tenderness”of care work.

关 键 词：照护工作 情感劳动 情感人类学 养老机构 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]