北京市同域分布中华斑羚与狍冬季食物及肠道微生物分析显示中华斑羚具有竞争优势  

Analysis of winter food and gut microbiota of sympatric Chinese goral and roe deer revealed competitive advantage of Chinese goral in Beijing

作　　者：李峥 夏凡 房新民 马志红 高福利[2] 韩莹莹[2] 鲍伟东[1,2] LI Zheng;XIA Fan;FANG XinMin;MA ZhiHong;GAO FuLi;HAN YingYing;BAO WeiDong(National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Miyun District Wulingshan Nature Reserve Administration,Beijing 101506,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学林木育种与生态修复国家工程研究中心,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083 [3]北京市雾灵山自然保护区管理处,北京101506

出　　处：《中国科学:生命科学》2025年第4期790-805,共16页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:32171653)资助。

摘　　要：探究同域竞争与共存机理是增进物种间互作关系的理解、推动珍稀濒危物种保护的重要理论依据.本研究借助显微分析和高通量测序技术对北京市雾灵山自然保护区冬季中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)与狍(Capreolus pygargus)的食物及肠道微生物组成进行分析,探究二者对有限食物资源的竞争及分化适应.研究发现,中华斑羚与狍食物存在较大重叠度(81.54%),但二者肠道微生物结构存在显著差异(P<0.05),中华斑羚主要以变形菌门(55.56%)和拟杆菌门(24.99%)构成,狍肠道内主要由拟杆菌门(47.36%)和厚壁菌门(45.66%)构成.中华斑羚肠道微生物在碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢、能量代谢等方面极显著高于狍(P<0.001).较高的食物多样性和微生物代谢活性使中华斑羚在同域竞争中占据有利地位.Exploring the mechanisms of sympatric competition and coexistence is essential for enhancing our understanding of interspecific interactions and serves as a crucial theoretical foundation for the conservation of rare and endangered wild animals.This study utilized microscopic analysis and high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the feeding components and gut microbiota of Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus)and Roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)in Beijing Wuling Mountain Nature Reserve during winter.The research aimed to investigate the competition and synergistic adaptation between the two species for limited food resources.The results revealed a significant overlap(81.54%)in the feedings of Chinese goral and Roe deer,and there was a significant difference in the gut microbial structure(P<0.05).The gut microbiota of Chinese goral were primarily composed of Proteobacteria(55.56%)and Bacteroides(24.99%),while those of Roe deer were predominantly composed of Bacteroides(47.36%)and Firmicutes(45.66%).The metabolic functions of the gut microbiota in the Chinese goral were significantly higher than those in the Roe deer,with significant differences in the functional expressions of carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,lipid metabolism,and energy metabolism(P<0.001).The high feeding diversity and microbial metabolic activity confer an advantageous position to the Chinese goral in sympatric competition.

关 键 词：中华斑羚 狍 同域分布 肠道微生物组 共存适应 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]