减氮增碳对赣北湿润区农田作物产量及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing carbon on crop yields and nitrogen utilization in moist area farmland in Northern Jiangxi

作　　者：秦宇坤 张丽娟 崔颖 朱宗梅 QIN Yukun;ZHANG Lijuan;CUI Ying;ZHU Zongmei(Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Plantation and High Valued Utilization of Specialty Fruit Tree and Tea,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332105,China;Hukou County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jiujiang,Jiangxi 332500,China;Leping Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Jingdezhen,Jiangxi 333300,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省经济作物研究所/特色果树茶叶种植与高值利用江西省重点实验室,江西九江332105 [2]湖口县农业农村局,江西九江332500 [3]乐平市农业技术推广服务中心,江西景德镇333300

出　　处：《亚热带农业研究》2025年第1期27-36,共10页Subtropical Agriculture Research

基　　金：江西省棉花产业技术体系项目(JXARS-22-赣北片);棉花“直密矮”轻简高效种植技术集成与示范推广项目;江西省重点研发计划项目“棉油两熟制构建及其轻简高效栽培技术研究”(20192BBFL60005)。

摘　　要：[目的]探讨减氮增碳措施下作物的产量表现与稳定性,以及土壤无机氮积累与氮肥利用率的变化特征,以期为赣北湿润平原区作物的绿色高效生产及农田环境保护提供依据。[方法]于2021、2022年在江西省景德镇市与九江市设置大田试验,分别设4个施氮处理:常规施氮处理(CF)、减氮20%处理(N1)、减氮增碳处理(N2:化肥氮施用量同N1处理,同时采用秸秆还田或有机肥替代部分化肥氮等增碳措施)、不施氮处理(CK)。分析了不同施氮处理对蔬菜与棉花干物质分配比例、产量及其可持续性、氮肥偏生产力的影响,并比较了菜田与棉田土壤的无机氮积累量。[结果]与CF处理相比,N1与N2处理作物生殖器官干物质分配比例总体上有所提升,但差异不显著;N2处理可提高蔬菜产量(7.12%~42.83%),显著提高蔬菜和棉花的产量可持续性指数(12.50%)、肥料贡献率(5.08%~141.75%)及氮肥偏生产力(27.97%~84.08%),还能显著降低菜田和棉田土壤的硝态氮积累量。与N1处理相比,N2处理各作物产量均有不同程度的提升,且产量可持续性指数显著提高7.14%。[结论]在常规氮肥施用量减少20%基础上,采用棉田以10%有机肥替代化肥氮、菜田以600 kg·hm^(-2)进行秸秆还田的增碳措施不仅能提高作物产量,提升作物长期高产可持续性趋势,还能显著提升肥料贡献率与氮肥偏生产力,是促进赣北湿润平原区蔬菜及棉花等常规作物高产与可持续发展的有效措施。[Purpose] The aim of the study is to explore the performance and stability of crop yields,soil inorganic nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under nitrogen reduction and carbon increasing measures and provide a basis for green and efficient production of crop and environmental protection of farmland in the humid plain area of Northern Jiangxi.[Method] Field experiments were conducted in Jingdezhen City and Jiujiang City of Jiangxi Province in 2021 and 2022,with four nitrogen application treatments:conventional nitrogen application(CF),nitrogen reduction of 20%(N1),nitrogen reduction and carbon increasing(N2:with the same amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer application as N1 treatment,increasing carbon by straw return or replacing partial chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer),and no nitrogen application(CK).The effects of different nitrogen application treatment on the dry matter allocation proportion,yields,yield sustainability,and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of vegetables and cotton,and to compare the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in the soil of vegetable fields and cotton fields.[Result] Compared with CF,N1 and N2 showed insignificant increases in the proportion of dry matter allocation in reproductive organs of crops.N2 increased vegetable yields by 7.12% to 42.83%,and the yield sustainability index of vegetables and cotton significantly increased by 12.50%,fertilizer contribution rate by 5.08% to 141.75%,and partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer by 27.97% to 84.08%,while significantly decreasing soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation in vegetable and cotton fields,respectively.Compared with N1,N2 increased the yield sustainability index by 7.14% while increasing crop yields to different degrees.[Conclusion] On the basis of reducing the application of conventional chemical nitrogen fertilizer by 20%,adopting carbon increasing measures such as replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with 10% organic fertilizer in cotton fields and ret

关 键 词：蔬菜 棉花 减氮增碳 产量 氮肥偏生产力 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]