油田集输系统原油溶解性硫化氢超标机理研究  

Study on the Mechanism of Excessive Dissolved Hydrogen Sulfide in Crude Oil in Oilfield Gathering and Transportation Systems

作　　者：李岩 刘永光[3] 陈周[4] 刘沛华[1,2] 李淑玉 金鹏康[5] 许路 Li Yan;Liu Yongguang;Chen Zhou;Liu Peihua;Li Shuyu;Jin Pengkang;Xu Lu(Oil and Gas Research Technology Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company;National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-permeability Oil and Gas Field;Oil Production Plant No.2 of Changqing Oilfield Company;Oil Production Plant No.7 of Changqing Oilfield Company;School of Human Settlements and Architectural Engineering of Xi’an Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]中国石油长庆油田分公司油气工艺研究院,710018 [2]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室 [3]中国石油长庆油田分公司第二采油厂 [4]中国石油长庆油田分公司第七采油厂 [5]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2025年第2期22-28,共7页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

摘　　要：加强低渗透油气田开发对国家能源安全保障极为关键,然而含硫油藏的增加限制了原油稳定生产。油田硫化氢分布广泛,在采油、集输等多环节无组织释放,影响范围覆盖原油生产全程。其中原油溶解性硫化氢难以完全清除,在下游流程会二次释放,使后端伴生气硫化氢超标,影响轻烃生产。针对这一现状,基于油田现有硫化氢治理工艺的实际应用效果,文章剖析了油田集输系统原油溶解性硫化氢超标机理。结果表明,现有脱硫剂油溶性差,原油溶解性硫化氢去除能力弱;现有脱硫工艺硫化氢处理总量小于总产量;密闭集输中温度和压力变化仅能使硫化氢发生相变,无法彻底去除;硫酸盐还原菌滋生与回注水中的大量S^(2-)是原油溶解性硫化氢的重要来源。The development of low-permeability oil and gas fields is crucial for ensuring national energy security.However,the increasing number of sulfur-containing reservoirs has hindered stable crude oil production.Hydrogen sulfide (H_2S) is widely distributed in oilfields and is released in an unorganized manner during various stages such as oil extraction and gathering and transportation,affecting the entire crude oil production process.Among these,the dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil is difficult to completely remove,and its secondary release in downstream processes can lead to excessive hydrogen sulfide levels in associated gases,thereby affecting light hydrocarbon production.In response to this issue,and based on the practical application of current hydrogen sulfide treatment technologies in oilfields,this paper analyzes the mechanism behind excessive dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil in the oilfield gathering and transportation system.The results show that the existing desulfurizing agents have poor oil solubility and weak removal capacity for dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil.The total amount of hydrogen sulfide treated by current desulfurization processes is less than the total output.In closed gathering and transportation systems,temperature and pressure changes only cause a phase change of hydrogen sulfide and cannot completely remove it.Furthermore,the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria and the high concentration of S~(2-)in the injected water are significant sources of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil.

关 键 词：原油溶解硫 脱硫剂 硫总量核算 硫酸盐还原菌 硫离子 超标机理 相关性分析 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TE863[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]