国内外海上溢油事故典型案例及处置方法研究  

Study on Typical Marine Oil Spill Accidents and Disposal Methods in China and Abroad

作　　者：李杨 Li Yang(China Offshore Environmental Service Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]中海石油环保服务(天津)有限公司,300457

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2025年第2期64-70,共7页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

基　　金：中国海洋石油集团有限公司科技重大专项“重大安全工程及绿色环保技术-井控风险预警及应急关键技术”(项目编号:KJGG-2022-17-06)。

摘　　要：随着我国海洋石油勘探开发的规模逐渐增大,进口原油海运量不断增加,发生海上溢油事故的风险也在不断提高,为了有效应对海上溢油事故,需要对海上溢油事故的特点及处置方式进行分析。文章通过对以往案例进行总结梳理,将海上溢油事故分为四类,分别为井喷事故溢油、海管损坏溢油、海上平台生产阶段溢油、船舶事故溢油。对四种溢油事故采取分析典型案例的方式,探讨不同类型溢油事故的特点及处置难点,得到不同类型溢油事故切实有效的溢油应急对策,以期为溢油事故的处置提供参考和支持,作业者根据事故类型迅速做出判断,选择对应的应急处置策略,从而提高溢油应急作业的效率。As China's offshore oil exploration and development scale expands and the volume of imported crude oil transportation by sea increases,the risk of marine oil spill accidents also rises.To effectively respond to these oil spill accidents,it is crucial to analyze their characteristics and disposal methods.By summarizing and reviewing past cases,the study categorizes marine oil spills into four types:well blowout spills,submarine pipeline damage spills,offshore platform production spills,and ship accident spills.The study analyzes typical cases for each type of spill,exploring the characteristics and challenges of addressing each incident.The findings highlight effective emergency response strategies for different types of oil spills.The goal is to provide reference and support for oil spill management,enabling operators to quickly assess the situation based on the type of accident and select the appropriate emergency response strategy,thus improving the efficiency of spill response operations.

关 键 词：井喷事故溢油 海管破损溢油 海上平台生产阶段溢油 船舶事故溢油 溢油事故处置 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]