经颅直流电刺激对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测的影响  

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Perceptual Anticipation after Sports Fatigue in High-level Soccer Players

作　　者：张鑫碧 于瀛 陈晓萍[4,5] 蒋长好 亓丰学[1] ZHANG Xinbi;YU Ying;CHEN Xiaoping;JIANG Changhao;QI Fengxue(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China;China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China;National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]首都体育学院,北京100191 [3]山东大学,山东济南250100 [4]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094 [5]人因工程全国重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第4期20-29,共10页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJCZH136);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2022QN013);人因工程全国重点实验室基金项目(614222202062211)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)干预左背侧前运动皮质(dorsal premotor cortex,PMd)对高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后知觉预测能力的影响。方法:24名国家一级足球运动员在完成60%最大骑行功率(Powermax)恒定负荷力竭骑行后,以平衡抵消法接受2 mA tDCS正极刺激左侧PMd 10 min和伪刺激,随后进行视觉搜索任务、预测足球突破过人任务和预测足球罚点球任务测试。结果:足球运动员疲劳后,进行tDCS正极刺激的视觉搜索任务反应时在3(P=0.039)和6(P=0.017)数量型与伪刺激相比显著降低,预测足球突破过人任务的准确率在240 ms条件与伪刺激相比显著增高(P<0.001)。但是视觉搜索任务准确性、预测足球突破过人任务的反应时以及预测足球罚点球任务的准确性和反应时在tDCS正极刺激条件和伪刺激条件之间没有显著差异。结论:tDCS正极干预左侧PMd 10 min能够有效改善高水平足球运动员运动疲劳后的知觉预测表现。tDCS可以作为有效工具在足球运动员运动训练和比赛中用以缓解疲劳造成的知觉预测能力下降。Objective:To investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)targeting the left dorsal premotor cortex(PMd)on perceptual anticipation performance in highlevel soccer players after sports fatigue.Methods:Twenty-four national first-class and above soccer players received 2 mA anodal-tDCS and sham-tDCS of the left PMd for 10 min in a counterbalanced offset method after completing a 60%maximal power(Powermax)constant load exhaustion ride,followed by a visual search task,a prediction of soccer breakthroughs task and a prediction of soccer penalty kick task.Results:After fatigue,soccer players performing anodal-tDCS had significantly lower reaction times for the visual search task in the 3(P=0.039)and 6(P=0.017)quantitative categories compared to the sham-tDCS,and the accuracy of the prediction of soccer breakthroughs task was significantly higher in the 240 ms condition compared to the sham-tDCS(P<0.001).However,there were no significant differences between anodaltDCS and sham-tDCS in visual search task accuracy,reaction times for the prediction of soccer breakthroughs task,or accuracy and reaction times for the prediction of soccer penalty kick task.Conclusions:Anodal-tDCS intervention for 10 min on the left PMd can effective improve the perceptual anticipation performance of high-level soccer players after sports fatigue.tDCS can be used as an effective tool to alleviate fatigue-induced decreases in perceptual anticipation performance in soccer players during sports training and competition.

关 键 词：经颅直流电刺激 足球运动员 运动疲劳 知觉预测 背侧前运动皮质 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]