制度演化与治理优化:历史制度主义视角下的全民健身政策  

Institutional Evolution and Governance Optimization:National Fitness Policy from the Perspective of Historical Institutionalism

作　　者：马润艺 MA Runyi(Peking University Law School,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第4期42-55,共14页China Sport Science and Technology

摘　　要：以历史制度主义为理论框架,系统梳理我国全民健身政策的制度演化过程,探讨政策发展的动力机制及其优化路径。全民健身政策从初期的宣传动员逐步发展为涵盖健康、经济、社会多领域的国家战略,经历了萌芽、发展、转型和成熟4个阶段。在这一过程中,全民健身政策受到历史情境、社会需求、政策积累与路径突破等多重动力的驱动,同时也存在区域发展不均、设施管理薄弱、多主体协同不足等问题。政策积累既强化了制度的稳定性,也加深了路径依赖,进而促使治理在应对社会需求变化中持续优化与调整。当社会需求超出政策承载边界,这些问题在特定历史情境下转化为改革动力,并在关键节点推动政策创新,实现路径突破。基于现实问题导向和政策演进动力,提出五大优化路径,包括动态调整机制、差异化供给、评估与知识共享、跨领域技术融合以及协同治理体系建设,以解决当前政策推进中的核心矛盾。在“健康中国”战略框架下,全民健身政策需立足多元需求,以改革创新推动政策体系智慧化、法治化发展,推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化。This study employs historical institutionalism as a theoretical framework to systematically examine the institutional evolution process of China’s national fitness policy,exploring the driving mechanisms of policy development and its optimization pathways.The national fitness policy has evolved from initial publicity and mobilization to a comprehensive national strategy encompassing health,economic,and social dimensions,progressing through four stages:emergence,development,transformation,and maturity.Throughout this process,the policy has been driven by multiple forces,including historical context,social demand,policy accumulation,and path breakthrough,while also revealing challenges such as regional disparities,weak facility management,and insufficient multi-actor coordination.While policy accumulation ensures institutional stability,it also reinforces path dependence,constraining governance adaptability to evolving social demands.When social needs exceed the policy’s capacity,these challenges,within specific historical contexts,translate into driving force for reform,triggering policy innovations and facilitating path-breaking transformations at critical junctures.Grounded in a problem-oriented approach and policy evolution dynamics,five optimization pathways are proposed,including dynamic adjustment mechanisms,differentiated service provision,evaluation and knowledge-sharing systems,cross-sectoral technological integration,and the construction of collaborative governance frameworks to address key challenges in the current policy promotion.Within the framework of the Healthy China strategy,the national fitness policy must align with diverse societal demands,leverage reform and innovation to advance policy intelligence and legal institutionalization,and contribute to the modernization of national governance systems and capacities.

关 键 词：全民健身 历史制度主义 制度演化 治理优化 路径依赖 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]