限速器棘爪装置动作速度误差原因分析  

Analysis of the Causes of Speed Error in the Overspeed Governor Ratchet Device Operation

作　　者：胡晓雯 王葵 Hu Xiaowen;Wang Kui(Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research,Guangzhou 528251)

机构地区：[1]广东省特种设备检测研究院,广州528251

出　　处：《中国特种设备安全》2025年第4期53-57,63,共6页China Special Equipment Safety

基　　金：国家市场监督管理总局技术保障专项项目“基于实际工况的电梯下行超速坠落保护系统测试方法研究”(2023YJ33);广东省市场监督管理局科技项目“基于典型事故案例的电梯重大剩余风险分析及控制措施研究”(2023ZT01)。

摘　　要：限速器内的棘轮棘爪装置的动作速度误差直接影响限速器的机械保护方式的动作速度误差,机械保护方式的动作速度误差可能导致限速器失效。本文通过2个案例,讨论并计算了棘爪脱钩时的受力情况,采用理论力学方法对棘爪可能产生动作速度误差的原因进行了定量分析,研究了棘爪动作的力学条件临界值,提出了棘爪动作速度误差的原因和失效的极限条件。限速器需要动作时,如果棘爪动作时机超过极限条件,存在限速器触发失败的可能性。研究结果为限速器的设计及安全保障提供了理论依据和支持。The action speed error of the ratchet pawl device within the overspeed governor directly affects the action speed error of the overspeed governor’s mechanical protection mode.This error in the mechanical protection mode’s action speed could lead to overspeed governor failure.Through two case studies,this paper discusses and calculates the forces experienced during the disengagement of the pawl,using theoretical mechanics methods to quantitatively analyze the reasons for potential action speed errors of the pawl.It examines the critical mechanical conditions for the pawl’s action,identifies the causes of the action speed error,and determines the failure limits.When the overspeed governor needs to activate,if the timing of the pawl action exceeds the critical conditions,there is a possibility of overspeed governor trigger failure.The research findings provide theoretical basis and support for the design and safety assurance of overspeed governors.

关 键 词：电梯 限速器 棘爪 离心力 惯性力 

分 类 号：X941[环境科学与工程—安全科学]