电梯曳引机主轴断裂事故分析及建议  

Technical Analysis and Suggestions for Elevator Traction Machine Spindle Fracture Accident

作　　者：陈然 宋瑞烽 Chen Ran;Song Ruifeng(Beijing Tongzhou District Special Equipment Testing Institute,Beijing 101100)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区特种设备检测所,北京101100

出　　处：《中国特种设备安全》2025年第4期74-78,共5页China Special Equipment Safety

摘　　要：本文对一起电梯曳引机主轴断裂的事故进行技术分析。通过断口的宏观形貌判断为疲劳断裂。对断轴取样进行金相分析和力学性能测试,通过2种检测方法分析其制造工艺存在的问题。对断面进行宏观检查和表面渗透检测可以判断出主轴在使用过程中经过修理,并且存在多处缺陷。对电梯使用情况检查发现存在过度装潢问题,主轴长期处于高负荷运转状态。综合以上造成主轴断裂的原因提出改进意见,避免此类事故再次发生。This article provides a technical analysis of an accident where the main shaft of an elevator traction machine broke.The macroscopic morphology of the fracture surface can be used to determine that the main axis has fatigue fracture.Metallographic analysis was conducted on the fractured shaft samples to observe the microstructure of the samples.Mechanical property testing was performed on the fractured shaft samples,and the test results were compared with the standard values.Combining the two testing methods,it was concluded that the heat treatment process during the manufacturing of the spindle was improper.Through macroscopic inspection and surface penetration testing,it can be seen that the spindle has undergone welding and turning processing,resulting in poor maintenance quality.The spindle surface is rough,with multiple surface defects forming early fatigue cracks and accelerating the development of fatigue fracture.During the inspection of elevator usage,it was found that there were issues with excessive decoration.The main shaft has been operating under high load for a long time,resulting in reduced fatigue life.Provide improvement suggestions based on the various causes of spindle fracture mentioned above.Prevent such accidents from happening again.

关 键 词：曳引机主轴 疲劳断裂 风险分析 平衡系数 

分 类 号：X941[环境科学与工程—安全科学]