无刺花椒嫁接育苗技术研究  

Research on Grafting Techniques of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis Prickless

作　　者：娄丽 吴勇 朱佳敏 王港 卢中科 LOU Li;WU Yong;ZHU Jiamin;WANG Gang;LU Zhongke(Guizhou Institute of Walnut,Guiyang 550005,China;Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang 550005,China;Zhenfeng Bureau of Forestry,Zhenfeng Guizhou 562299,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省核桃研究所,贵阳550005 [2]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳550005 [3]贞丰县林业局,贵州贞丰562299

出　　处：《种子》2025年第3期215-221,共7页Seed

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2022]一般118号、黔科合支撑[2021]222号);贵州省林业科研课题(黔林科合[2021]01号)。

摘　　要：为建立无刺花椒嫁接育苗技术体系,以顶坛花椒和九叶青花椒播种苗为砧木,以无刺花椒当年生枝条为接穗,对比不同嫁接方法、砧木品种、砧木地径及砧木高度等因素对无刺花椒嫁接苗成活与生长的影响,并观察嫁接口愈合显微结构。结果表明,选择顶坛花椒为砧木,无刺花椒嵌芽接的嫁接成活率显著高于枝接,成活率为85.93%,嫁接口愈合好;嫁接时间以5月中旬、6月中旬嫁接效果好,成活率均高于85.00%、嫁接愈合时间较短,苗木生长快、新梢生长快。嫁接砧木高度为4~8 cm, 8~12 cm有利于无刺花椒嫁接成活。砧木地径对无刺花椒嫁接的成活影响极显著,随着砧木地径增大,嫁接新梢粗度、新梢长度及嫁接成活率呈增大的趋势;分析砧、穗嫁接口显微解剖结构发现,嫁接19 d后嫁接口部分愈合,25 d后接穗和砧木的嫁接口愈合度高,愈合后嫁接苗生长良好。In order to establish the technical system of grafting seedling cultivation of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis,the seedlings of Dingtan Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Jiuye Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold&Zucc.were used as rootstock,and the current shoots of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis were used as scions.The effects of different grafting methods,rootstock varieties,rootstock diameter and rootstock height on the survival and growth of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis were compared,and the microscopic structure of grafting opening was observed.The results showed that Dingtan Zanthoxylum bungeanum was selected as rootstock,the survival rate of grafting without spina Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis was significantly higher than that of grafting,the survival rate was 85.93%,and the grafting mouth healed well.The grafting time was in the middle of May and the middle of June,and the survival rate was higher than 85.00%.The grafting healing time was shorter,and the seedlings grew faster and the new shoots grew faster.Grafting stock height of 4 to 8 cm,8 to 12 cm was conducive to the grafting survival of Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis.With the increase of rootstock diameter,the thickness of new shoot,the length of new shoot and the survival rate of grafting increased significantly.By analyzing the microanatomical structure of the grafts of anvil and ear,it was found that the grafts were partially healed after 19 days,the grafts of scion and rootstock were healed highly after 25 days,and the grafts grew well after healing.

关 键 词：花椒 无刺 嫁接技术 砧木 显微结构 

分 类 号：S573.9[农业科学—作物学]