中药单体调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路介导自噬干预妇科常见恶性肿瘤的研究进展  

Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy in Intervening Common Gynecological Malignant Tumors

作　　者：陶爱琳 乔新月 冯晓玲[2] TAO Ailin;QIAO Xinyue;FENG Xiaoling(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040;The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中药药理与临床》2025年第2期121-128,共8页Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:82174421、81973894)。

摘　　要：自噬是细胞受应激源诱导后经溶酶体依赖性降解途径,选择性降解并清除内部老化受损的细胞器及蛋白聚集体,从而维持自身稳态的一种保守生物学过程。既往研究表明,自噬不足与过度动态参与着肿瘤的发生发展,对肿瘤发挥抗癌、促癌耐药的双向调节效用。自噬经典核心途径PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路的激活已被证实与卵巢癌(OC)、宫颈癌(CC)、子宫内膜癌(EC)等妇科常见恶性肿瘤发生机制密切相关,可能涉及细胞增殖、侵袭与转移等病理生理过程。当前治疗妇科恶性肿瘤的一线方案以化疗、手术、分子靶向等西医手段为主,存在多药耐药、不良反应多等诸多局限性,中药单体作为中药有效提取组分,除发挥抗癌活性外,还具有多靶点、疗效优、毒性小等独特优势,逐渐成为妇科恶性肿瘤辅助治疗的研究热点。目前较多研究集中于中药单体对妇科恶性肿瘤的基础实验研究,缺乏系统性梳理及综述,本文以PI3K/AKT/mTOR途径为例,归纳总结现有中药单体基于该通路双向介导自噬干预妇科恶性肿瘤的国内外最新研究进展,以期为临床妇科恶性肿瘤的防治及后续中药新药研发提供新的研究方向和参考依据。Autophagy is a conservative biological process in which cells are induced by various stressors and undergo lysosomal-dependent degrada-tion to selectively degrade and remove internal aging and damaged organelles and protein aggregates,thereby maintaining their homeostasis.Previous studies have shown that insufficient and excessive autophagy are dynamically involved in the occurrence and development of tumors and play a two-way regulatory role in anti-cancer and pro-cancer with drug resistance.The activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway,the classical core pathway of autophagy,has been confirmed to be closely related to the pathogenesis of common gynecological malignant tumors such as ovarian cancer(OC),cervical cancer(CC),and endometrial cancer(EC),which may involve pathophysiological processes such as cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis.At present,the first-line treatment of gynecological malignant tumors is mainly based on western medicine methods including chemotherapy,surgery,and molecular targeting,which have many limitations such as multidrug resistance and strong adverse reactions.As the effective extraction components of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),TCM monomers have unique advan-tages such as multiple targets,excellent curative effect,and low toxicity except for the anti-cancer activity and have gradually become a re-search boom in the adjuvant treatment of gynecological malignant tumors.Numerous studies have focused on the basic experimental research of TCM monomers in the treatment of gynecological malignant tumors,but there is a lack of systematic review.In this article,the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was taken as an example to summarize the latest research progress of TCM monomers based on this pathway to mediate two-way autophagy and intervene in gynecological malignant tumors in China and abroad,so as to provide new research directions and reference basis for the prevention and treatment of clinical gynecological malignant tumors and the subsequent development of Chinese medicine drug.

关 键 词：中药单体 磷脂肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素蛋白通路 自噬 妇科恶性肿瘤 研究进展 

分 类 号：R285[医药卫生—中药学]