社区养老如何缩短邻避距离:基于“共生-助推”框架的调查实验  

How to Reduce NIMBY Distance in Community Elderly Care:A Survey Experiment Based on the“Symbiosis-Nudge”Framework

作　　者：罗红霞[1] 杨航 黄熙卓 LUO Hongxia;YANG Hang;HUANG Xizhuo(School of Government,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学政府管理学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2025年第2期1-18,共18页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“我国西南边境居民居留稳定性及其优化机制研究”(20BZZ024);教育部主题案例项目“从芳邻守望到共同体建设:基于‘社会网络—助推赋能’的跨境应急合作云南观察”(项目编号:ZT-231067340)的研究成果。

摘　　要：社区养老的小区邻避泛在且难解,以邻避距离为因变量,在社会共生理论、行为助推理论的启发下构建“共生-助推”化解框架,设计出以利益赋予为特点的共生方案,以及以遵循民众心理行为规律并提供自由选择为要旨的助推方案,将传统干预方案作为控制组开展调查实验。实验发现:共生组和助推组方案都有利于缩短邻避距离,助推组相较于对照组有更为显著的影响。共生组中的感知收益有部分中介作用。男性相对于女性,离异或丧偶相对于未婚,有两孩及以上相对于无子女,对缩短邻避距离有更显著的积极影响。居民关切词云图凸显了精细化方案的线索。其政策寓意是:缩短社区养老的小区邻避距离应优化传统的告知、回应、调解“三板斧”,以助推为主、共生为辅;政策宣传宜聚焦降低周边居民的感知成本,而不是宣传普遍的福利增进;社区养老项目公关时,男性、已婚者、已育者更好做通工作;将实地实验与质性研究相结合有助于精准拟策施策。The NIMBY(Not in My Back Yard)of community elderly care is ubiquitous and difficult to solve.Therefore,this article proposes“NIMBY distance”as the dependent variable based on NIMBY and social distancing.Inspired by social symbiosis theory and nudge theory,a“Symbiosis-Nudge”framework is constructed,and a symbiosis plan characterized by benefit giving and sharing is designed.The main purpose of the nudge plan is to follow the psychological and behavioral laws of the public and provide free choice.The traditional intervention plan is used as the control group,and a survey experiment is conducted accordingly.The experimental results showed that both the symbiotic group and the nudge group were beneficial in reducing the NIMBY distance.The nudge group had a significant effect on shortening the NIMBY distance;The perceived benefits in the symbiotic group have a partial mediating effect;Men compared to women,divorced or widowed individuals compared to unmarried ones,and those with two or more children compared to those without children have a significant positive impact on shortening the NIMBY distance.When conducting qualitative analysis,the word cloud map of residents'concerns highlights the clues of the refinement plan.The policy implication is that traditional methods of notification,response,and mediation should be optimized,with a focus on nudge and symbiosis as a supplement.Policy promotion needs to focus on reducing the cost perception of nearby residents,rather than promoting general welfare benefits.Men,married individuals,and those who have already had children are easier to persuade in public relations for residents.The combination of field experiments and qualitative research helps to accurately formulate and implement policies.

关 键 词：社区养老 小区邻避 共生 助推 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]