社会性别视角下农村“搭伴养老”现象的差异性实践机制分析  

An Analysis of the Differentiated Practice Mechanism of“Companionship Elderly Care”from a Gender Perspective in Rural Areas

作　　者：胡慧 高婉君 HU Hui;GAO Wanjun(Law and Sociology School,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学法学与社会学学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《老龄科学研究》2025年第2期19-32,共14页Scientific Research on Aging

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“从养老到老养:农村产业发展与老年人口的非正式就业研究”(项目负责人,胡慧;项目编号2019BS042);2023年重庆工商大学研究生科研创新项目“爱在日落黄昏时:社会性别视角下农村‘搭伴养老’的差异性实践机制分析”(项目负责人,高婉君;项目编号yjscxx 2024-284-12)。

摘　　要：伴随着老龄化和城镇化进程的加快,农村丧偶、离异的独居老年人的养老问题日益突出,“搭伴养老”这种“找个老伴来养老”的模式,成为当下许多独居老年人的选择。基于社会性别视角,通过对重庆某地田野调查资料的研究发现,农村“搭伴养老”现象实质上体现的是一种有限责任下的养老资源交换,是男性老年人以经济物质资源换取女性老年人的情感陪伴资源,具有以利己主义为前提的工具理性特征。造成这一性别差异性实践的根本原因是:男权话语体系下社会性别文化所建构出来的男女地位不平等,使农村女性老年人处于经济收入低、社会养老保障弱的不利地位,陷入了农村、老年、女性、独居等多重弱势身份交叉的困境。With the acceleration of ageing and urbanization,the problem of elderly care for widowed and divorced rural elderly people has become increasingly prominent.The“finding a partner to take care of the elderly”model,known as“partnering for elderly care”,has become the choice for many rural elderly people.Based on a field survey in a certain area of Chongqing from a gender perspective,it was found that the“partnering for elderly care”phenomenon in rural areas actually reflects a limited responsibilitybased exchange of elderly care resources,in which male elderly people exchange economic and material resources for female elderly people's emotional and companionship resources,with a tool-rational feature based on self-interest as a premise.The fundamental reason for the gender-differentiated practice is the social gender constructed by the patriarchal discourse system,which has created an unequal status between men and women in rural areas,leaving rural elderly women in a disadvantaged position with low economic income and weak social elderly care support,thus creating a situation of“rural-elderly-femalesingle”multiple disadvantaged identity intersection.

关 键 词：搭伴养老 社会性别 农村老年人 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]